The gluon is the Boson responsible for the strong Interaction. Let us gluons confine together the Quark S, which allows the existence of the Proton S and the Neutron S, as of the others Hadron S. They have a probably null Masse (though it is not excluded that they can have a mass of some MeV), a electric Charge null and a Spin 1. A gluon carries a load of color (red, green or blue, like the Quark S) and a anti-load of color (like the anti-quarks). There are 8 various kinds of gluons, according to their load and of their anti-load of color.
In the theory of the quantum Chromodynamique (quantum chromodynamics, or QCD), which is used today to describe the strong interaction, let us gluons them are exchanged when particles having a load of color interact. When two quarks exchange a gluon, their load of color changes; the gluon taking care of a anti-color compensating for the loss of the quark, just as the new load of color of the quark. Since gluons them carry themselves a load (and a anti-load) of color, they can also interact with others gluons, which makes the analysis mathematical of the interaction strong very complicated.
The first experimental trace of let us gluons was discovered at the beginning of the Années 1980 in the Particle accelerator PETRA (collisions electron-positron) of the laboratory DESY with Hamburg, when the proof of a collision with 3 jets was made: the third jet was thus allotted to the emission of a gluon by one of the produced quarks.
Why isn't there that 8 gluons instead of 9?
A priori it could have 9 types of gluons there, for each combination of load and of anti-load of color (red, green, blue, and anti-red, anti-green, anti-blue), which would give gluons them following:
.
In fact, from the mathematical point of view there exists an infinite number of gluons, each one being able to be represented by a linear combination of the 9 fundamental states (also called clean states) listed above. For example, a gluon could be represented by the state combined . This kind of combinations of states is rather current in quantum Mécanique.
However, the chromodynamic quantum one teaches us that the following linear relation binds 3 of the fundamental states, owing to the fact that the completely neutral states from the point of view of the color do not interact by strong interaction:
This implies whereas the 9 fundamental states referred to above are not any more all independent, this relation reduced of 1 the number of corresponding degrees of freedom. There is no more that 8 degrees of freedom available, therefore 8 linearly independent fundamental states, therefore 8 let us gluons. A more detailed explanation (in English) can be found here.
Popularizations of the gluon
The gluon is also known as an living being representing the gasoline even inanimate object of which he is also the spokesperson. All that in the emission for youth Téléchat , created in the years 1980 by Roland Topor. The presenters of this emission imitating the Talk show S, Lola the ostrich and the Grouchat cat, carried out regularly interviews of gluons as varied as that of tart to the cream, or the gluon of the hole, the first gluon discovered.
External bonds
- Characteristic of the gluon (Particle Dated Group)
Simple: Gluon
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