Glossary of the seismic one

The seismic one is a very technical discipline. Often, the people working in this field use a specific vocabulary, coming mainly from English. Moreover, the techniques most employed, in the treatment of the signal of the seismic sections, are simply called by an acronym. Here thus a small glossary.

Certains English terms having a translation was left with a reference because they are more often employed (example: offset for offset)

With

  • acoustic : says itself of a propagation medium simplified of the waves where the modulus of rigidity is null. Only the waves P are propagated there (see the equation of wave).
  • acquisition : operation consisting with the collection of the seismic data.
  • AGC (Automatic Profit Control - automatic control of profit): Technique of treatment of the signal allowing to emphasize principal the seismic phases on a section.
  • airgun : to see air gun.
  • aliasing : English term for crenellation : effect of pollution of the signal by folding up of sound spectrum at the time of a bad sampling of the data. See article: Crenellation
  • analyzes speed : estimate of the vertical profile speed in the medium (in general by using an organization of the traces in CMP and applying techniques of NMO) for a migration.
  • apodisation : treatment allowing to force the amplitude of the signal to zero at the beginning and the end of the trace. This operation is necessary before carrying out a FFT.
  • anisotropy : variation of the properties of the medium according to the direction considered.
  • AMO (Azimuth MoveOut):
  • arrived : time of arrival on a trace of a seismic phase.
  • autocorrelation : mathematical function depending on time measuring the correlation of the form of wave with itself. This technique is in particular used to identify the multiple phases .
  • AVA (Amplitude Variation with Angle off incidence):
  • AVO (Amplitude Variation with Offset): study of the variation of the amplitude of the considered wave according to the offset. This measurement gives indications on contrasts of impedance S of the medium.

B

  • noise : generic term indicating any disturbance of the seismic signal. Its origin can be as well natural as artificial. Certain natural seismic phases masking other signals are also qualified noise like the ground roll or the phases multiple S.

C

  • air gun (Airgun) : discharge abruptly in water from the compressed air with high pressure to cause a seismic wave which is propagated until in the ground.
  • sensor :
  • CDP or Common Depth Not :
  • CMP or Common Mid Not :
  • conical (wave) :
  • converted (wave) :
  • convolution :
  • static correction :
  • CRG or Common Receiver Gather :
  • CRP or Common Reflection Not :
  • CSG or Common Source Gather :

D

  • datuming :
  • déconvolution:
  • offset:
  • diffracted (wave):
  • diffraction:
  • DMO: Dip MoveOut
  • DSR :
  • DZO: Demigration to Zero Offset

E

  • sampling:

F

  • fan:
  • FFT: Fast Fourier Transform.
  • filter:
  • filter f-k:
  • first station-wagons:
  • flute:
  • frequency: time of way

G

  • geophone: sensor allowing the measurement of the Flight Path Vector of the vibrations
  • glitch:
  • ground roll : on a seismic section, noise generated by the waves of surfaces. It can be eliminated by a filter f-k.

H

  • headwave : to see conical.
  • hodochrone:
  • hydrophone:

I

  • seismic image:
  • imagery:
  • impédence:
  • intercorrelation:
  • interpolation:
  • inversion:

L

  • slowness:
  • apparent slowness:
  • seismic line:
  • log:

M

  • migration:
  • minibang:
  • multiple:
  • transfers:

NR

  • standardization:
  • NMO: Normal MoveOut.

O

  • OBS : Ocean Bottom Seismometer.
  • Offset: to see offset.

P

  • P:
  • padding:
  • seismic phase:
  • phénomème of Gibbs:
  • polarization:
  • PostSDM: Post-Stack Depth Migration.
  • PreSDM: Pre-Stack Depth Migration.
  • direct Problème
  • Problème reverses
  • Puits

R

  • radial:
  • seismic spoke: line perpendicular to the surface of wave propagation along which energy
  • ray moves: to see spoke.
  • receiving:
  • considered (wave):

S

  • seismic section:
  • SEG there:
  • semblance:
  • HS:
  • signal:
  • summation:
  • source:
  • spectrum:
  • Spectrogram:
  • stack:
  • Stoneley (wave of):
  • SV:

T

  • tau-p:
  • time of way:
  • tomography:
  • trace:
  • transformed of Fourier:
  • transformed of Hilbert:
  • transmitted (wave):
  • traveltime: to see transverse time of way
  • :
  • TWT: Two-Way Traveltime

V

  • vibroseis :
  • speed:
  • VSP: Vertical Seismic Profile

W

  • wiggle :
  • WRAP: Wide Reflection Angle Profile.

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