The Glorious Revolution of England (in English Glorious Revolution or Bloodless Revolution , also called Second English Revolution in the French-speaking world), was a peaceful Révolution (1688 - 1689) which reversed the king Jacques II (Jacques VII of Scotland) and caused the advent of the girl of this one, Marie II and of her husband, Guillaume III, prince d' Orange. The revolution founded a Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary in the place of the autocratic government of the Stuarts.

Unfolding

Succeeding his/her brother Charles II in 1685, the catholic Jacques II quickly alienated the opinion by unpopular measurements: brutality of repression against the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth, creation of a standing army, entry of catholics to the government, in the army and the universities, as well as the bringing together with the Papacy (come from a Apostolic nuncio with London). In 1687, it ordered that a declaration of indulgence, granting freedom of worship to the catholics and to the dissidents, is read in all the churches.

This decision, added to the birth of his/her son in June 1688 of a second marriage with a catholic, who guaranteed a catholic succession, encouraged the opponents with the king to act, but the still fresh memory of the civil war, together with a certain loyalty, dissuaded any violent movement.

The son-in-law of Jacques II, Guillaume III of Orange, Stathouder of the Netherlands, husband of the princess Marie, indicator to move away the prospect to reach the throne indirectly, started the hostilities by unloading with a small army anglo-Dutchwoman the November 5th 1688, with Brixham (Torbay). Taken of panic, the king Jacques II flees in France, that from which William of Orange profited, as of his arrival in London the December 28th 1688, by making the point that the escape of the king was equivalent to a Abdication. Seizing in fact of the government, William of Orange, in agreement with the Parliament, made join together a convention which proclaimed the forfeiture of the king and jointly offered the throne to prince Guillaume and to the Marie princess.

N the other hand, those had to contresign, in February 1689, the Déclaration of the rights ( Bill off Rights ) which registered in the law the assets of the the Commonwealth of England and of the reign of Charles II. The Declaration prohibited the accession with the throne of a catholic, ensured of the free elections and the renewal of the Parliament, and made illegal the presence of an army in times of peace.

Resistance

The partisans of Jacques II who refused the allegiance with Guillaume and Marie were called the non-jurors or jacobites. Many among the Irish and Scottish catholics, they were crushed with the Bataille of Boyne, in Ireland in 1690 and, with Glencoe, in Scotland in 1692.

See too

Simple: Glorious Revolution

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