Giuseppe Ungaretti is an Italian poet , born the February 8th 1888 with Alexandria (Egypt), dead the June 2nd 1970 with Milan.

Life

Italian parents, it was born in Alexandria where its family had emigrated, the father working with the construction of the Suez Canal. He studied during two years with the Sorbonne with Paris and collaborated with Giovanni Papini and Ardengo Soffici in the review Lacerba . In 1914 it returned to Italy, and at the beginning of the First World War was committed voluntary sharing the destiny of its contemporaries. It fought in Carso (province of Trieste), then in France. In 1916 it published in Italian the collection of poetry It Oporto sepolto where reflect its experiment of the war which had made him côtoyer the poorest layer of humanity, that of the daily pain; in 1919 it published a second collection entitled Allegria di naufragi where a new poetry appears, disengaged from the Rhétorique and Baroque of Gabriele D' Annunzio. In 1933 appeared Sentimento LED tempo .

Although Jewish origins, it approached Catholicism, until converting, but without giving up its former co-religionists during the domination Nazi.

During its stay in Paris, Ungaretti attended the philosopher Henri Bergson.

Post-war period he collaborated assiduously in reviews and worked in a ministry as professor of languages. He obtained fixed telephone only when, because of his fame of poet, one named it in 1942 professor at the University of Rome, a station where it remained until in 1958. Before that, between 1936 and 1942, he was also Italian professor at the University of São Paulo (Brazil); it is at this period that it had to suffer from the loss of his nine year old son.

Between 1942 and 1961 it published a succession of poetries entitled Vita Di Uomo , which ensured it the sides of Eugenio Montale and Salvatore Quasimodo like one of the founders and eminent member of the Italian hermetic school.

The artistic evolution of Ungaretti follows a route which goes from the landscape to humanity, the religious revelation, the impact of the contact with the power of Brazilian nature, to the pain of died of his/her son and on its return to Rome at the beginning of Second world war. These the last two events are at the origin of its book It Dolore , published in 1947. Through despair, the poet discovers the human responsibility and the brittleness of his ambitions. Ungaretti, in the middle of the pessimism with which he considers the tragic human condition, discovers a message of hope for the men.

The twenty-five last years of its life represent a critical examination of last and let show through a strong anxiety of restoration (???). He died in Milan on June 2nd 1970.

Poetry

In Allegria di Naufragi (the joy of the naufragers) are obvious the French influences and certain twilight echoes and futuristic. The essential value of the poetry of Ungaretti should not be only required in its development of a metric news and a different syntax, but also in the search for a new value for the word, which it reduces to its essential components. The poet destroys the worms, creates new rates/rhythms, aims to the gasoline of the mot. Ungaretti invests consequently the tendency of the poetic movements of his time: language made up of twilight, and stylistic abdication of the futuristic ones.

The poet tends to the naked word, stuck to reality, with a released style of the literary and ironic incrustations of twilight and approximate semantics of the futuristic ones. Although it rejects first ambiguity of the word, it is attracted by their design of syntax. It draws aside the lack of style of futuristic, but guard of them the purity of the word and a certain graphic provision of the worms. The innovation of Ungaretti is basically located in the recovery of the direction of the mot.

But although, in " joy of the naufragers'" , the rate/rhythm and all that is metric do not adapt to the traditional diagrams, in 1929, before the publication of Sentiment of time , the poet tends already to a return to the Italian tradition, with the Endécasyllabe. In the work of Ungaretti two constants are present: the essential word and the analogy (the relation of comparison between two images by means of the simple juxtaposition, eliminating the comparative bond).

Ungaretti seeks the analogy like suggestion: in Feeling of time (1933), there turns over to the metric and rhythmic tradition Italian but while intensely remaining analogical. The poet seeks the clear and direct word, which makes emerge the feeling, by weaving a speech which continues poem in poem. The adjective arises rich resonances and the analogy does not remove strength with the speech.

For Ungaretti, for example, the the Seine is the river of the conscience of the world, the Serchio (a river of Toscane) that of the memory, and the the Nile that of the formation and first intuition of the life.

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