German Education system

In Germany, the education is managed on the level of the Länder. There is no minister of education at the national level, each area decides by itself. Thus as well designations for each type of school as the contents of these terms differ from area with area.

Period before the obligatory school ( Vorstufe )

Because of its traditions, Germany massively did not develop reception facilities of the infants. This situation is changing: the government German, eager to increase the birthrate while allowing the women to continue their career, encourages the development of these structures.

  • Kindergarten : kindergarten, the children are received there in a family climate: the goal is to learn how to live together.

  • Vorschule : by the State, not widespread
is not really recognized

The Primary education ( Primarstufe )

The primary education in Germany is ensured by the Grundschule (literally: " basic schools "). Their frequentation is obligatory for all the children as from 6 years, and the schooling lasts four years (six years with Berlin and in the Brandenburg, with two years of Orientierungsstufe allowing a first orientation). One of the characteristics of the Grundschule is not to pressurize the pupils: there are no notes in the first two years, only of the oral appreciations; the redoublings are very rare. The deficits of knowledge must thus be filled by teaching means others that the repetition. The Grundschule are one of the first places of Socialisation out of the family. They are also the seat of many teaching innovations: the professors of Grundschule are trained in a more intense way to pedagogy than their colleagues teaching in the higher cycles. It is thus stressed the foreign language instruction and on new work methods and of teaching (course " ouverts" , projects,…). The Grundschule face today with the changes of the German company: greater heterogeneity in the classes, days of course lengthened, etc

Schools of the secondary level I

  • Hauptschule , college

  • Realschule

Schools with secondary levels I and II

Schools of the secondary level II

  • Berufsbildende Schulen
  • Berufskolleg
  • Fachschule
  • Berufsgrundschule
  • Fachoberschule
  • Berufsschule
  • Berufsoberschule
  • Berufsfachschule (for example Handelsschule , business school)
These schools allow a professionalisation of the school, they are perhaps comparable with the cycles leading to a CAPE or BEP.

Higher learning ( Tertiäre Ausbildung )

  • Universität , normal universities
  • Fachhochschule , more technical universities, more specialized
  • Hochschule indicating an establishment of higher education in general

There exist also alternate schools. Thus so certain private schools follow the regional directives, others are real alternatives with traditional teaching:

  • Sudbury-Schule
  • Waldorfschule
  • Montessori

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