Gerard Genette

See also: Genette (homonymy)

Gerard Genette , born in 1930 with Paris, is a theorist of the literature which built its own step, the Poétique, starting from the Structuralisme. After its preparatory classes with the College Lakanal, it integrates the National university, obtains aggregation traditional Letters, founds (with Tzvetan Todorov) the review Poétique and directs the collection of the same name to the editions of the Threshold (collection specialized in literary theory).

Critical French. Gerard Genette played and continuous to play a fundamental role in the projection of the formal studies of the literature. He is one of the most famous representatives of the “new criticism” in the years 1960, and continues since with measurement and accuracy the theoretical company started then around Roland Barthes.

Through many tests, he studied the direction of the speech, the aspects of the language, his origins and his mechanisms, thanks to the means which criticism offers, compared to those that structuralism can propose. In the three volumes of Figures (1966-1972), then in New Speech of the account (1983), it explores the various aspects of a true science of narrative which it sets up, the “Narratologie”. It will also lean on the classification of the kinds in Introduction to the architexte (1979), and on the Intertextualité and the reports/ratios of the texts the ones towards the others in Palimpsestes (1982). With Seuils (1987), it is interested in the entour text, all that accompanies it and the fact of existing as an accessible object (leading presentation and the various texts of comment, the Paratexte). During years 1990, its reflection extends to the Esthétique in two volumes of the Work of art , which takes again and discusses in this field the proposals of analytical esthetics of Nelson Goodman and Arthur Danto.

Gerard Genette was member of the group Socialisme or cruelty.

If the whole of its work is such a success throughout the world, it is because Gerard Genette knew to find a tone completely particular, mixture of doubt and knowing, scholarship and humor, without harming for as much the great depth of the analysis and the matter.

Terms defined in Figures III

Considerable work in the evolution of the narratology, but more largely of poetic (arts person), Figures III seems to pose the bases of a literary analysis as precise as essential. Through his work, Gerard Genette defines key terms of the narratologic analysis. With that obviously terms are added coming from the analyzes of Franz Karl Stanzel or of Tzvetan Todorov.

Diégèse ( Diegesis for the English analysis)

“The diégèse is the space-time universe indicated by the account. ”

This concept is obviously central, since all the act of narration is related to the diégèse. This purely literary universe, as much as the east the narrator, constitutes the gasoline even history which will be told, or told, by the narrative authority.

Métalepse ( Metalepsis for the English analysis)

Two elements are necessary so that a métalepse can be established; to be more precise, two diégèses must be necessary. That is to say a narrative authority telling its own history with its characters. One of its characters (pertaining to the diégèse known as number 1 or of level higher) tells another history then, thus creating a second diégèse (or a lower diégèse of level 2 or level). Under these conditions, the passage of a diégèse with another, a narrative level with another, a fictitious world with another, constitutes a métalepse then.

Several means are possible to pass from a space-time universe to another (different). For example, a narrator can lead us to pass from a diégèse to another by the intermediary, for example, of a letter. Thus a character (or character-narrator) will read a letter, simultaneously creating another space-time universe, completely different from that in which the character is located when it reads the letter.

To continue in the definition of the terms introduced into Figures III , two criteria make it possible to define the statute of the narrator precisely. The first corresponds to the relation of the narrator to the history, making it possible to oppose the terms of “heterodiegetic” and “homodiegetic” (or “autodiegetic” if such is the case); for the second criterion, it is about the narrative level of the narrator. This last distinction puts forward the terms of “extradiegetic” and “intradiegetic”.

Hétérodiégétique ( Heterodiegetic for the English analysis)
Homodiégétique ( Homodiegetic for the English analysis)
Autodiégétique ( Autodiegetic for the English analysis)
Extradiégétique ( Extradiegetic for the English analysis)
Intradiégétique ( Intradiegetic for the English analysis)

Works

Figures I , Editions of the Threshold, Paris, 1965.
Figures II , Editions of the Threshold, Paris, 1969.
Figures III , Editions of the Threshold, Paris, 1972.
Figures IV , Editions of the Threshold, Paris, 1999.
Figures V , Editions of the Threshold, Paris, 2002.
New Speech of the account , Editions of the Threshold, Paris, 1983.

Mimologiques : travel on Cratylie , Éditions of the Threshold, Paris, 1976.
Introduction to the architexte , Éditions of the Threshold, Poétique collection, Paris, 1979,90 pages.
Palimpsests, literature with the second degree, Editions of the Threshold, collection Tests, Paris, 1982,561 pages.
Thresholds , Editions of the Threshold, Paris, 1987.
Fiction and diction , Editions of the Threshold, Poetic collection, Paris, 1991,150 pages.
the Work of art, 1: immanence and transcendence , Editions of the Threshold, Paris, 1994.
the Work of art, 2: the esthetic relation , Editions of the Threshold, Paris, 1997.
Métalepse , Editions of the Threshold, Paris, 2004,132 pages.
Bardadrac , Editions of the Threshold, collection Fiction & Co., Paris, 2006,452 pages.

External bonds

Maintenance on '' Figures IV ''
Maintenance on '' Métalepse ''
" G. Genette and the search of the account to the state pur" by Charlotte Lacoste

References

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