Georges Pompidou

Georges Pompidou , born the July 5th 1911 with Montboudif (Cantal) and dead the April 2nd 1974 with Paris was a statesman French, 2nd President of the V {{E}} République and 19th President of the French Republic of the June 20th 1969 with the April 2nd 1974.

Biography

Origins, studies and family

Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou is wire of Enseignant S of country origin living with Albi. Raise shining, it obtains the first price of Greek version to the open Competition in 1927. After having passed its baccalaureat with the Lapèrouse college of Albi, it makes its Preparatory classes with the Louis-the-Large Lycée at the sides of Léopold Sédar Senghor and Aimé Césaire. It is received with the National university (1931), is received first with the aggregation of letters (1934) and begins a career of Professor. He teaches initially with Marseilles with the college Saint Charles, then with Paris (with the Lycée Henri-Iv).

The October 29th 1935, it marries Claude Cahour (1912 - 2007). They have an adoptive son, Alain Pompidou (born in 1942).

It was mobilized in 1940, with the 141e regiment of alpine infantry then demobilized after the Bataille of France.

Political career

Under the Fourth Republic (1946-1958)

With the Release, he is operations manager with the cabinet of the Général de Gaulle, president of the Provisional government of the French Republic. He becomes then Maître of the requests to the Council of State, then directing of the Commission of Tourism (1946 - 1949). Between 1954 and 1958, it works at the Rothschild bank, but there will remain an adviser very close to the General.

Under the presidency of the general de Gaulle (1958-1969)

The beginnings (1958-1962)
At the time it return to the capacity of the general de Gaulle, in 1958, he becomes his principal private secretary. It is named, in March 1959, with the Constitutional council, where it will sit until in 1962. It comes into contact with FLN during discussions which take place with Neuchâtel and Lucerne, in Suisse, thus preparing the Accords of Evian.

Prime Minister (1962 - 1968)

After the Referendum of April 1962 approving the Agreements of Evian, it is named Prime Minister the April 14th 1962. It is quasi unknown which the Général de Gaulle names to succeed Michel Debré. They is into full 30 Glorious that Pompidou exerts and, in spite of some jolts (strikes of the minors, dissolution and referendum) it will remain the symbol of the revival, of modernization gaullienne of France of the years 1960. Elected official appointed of the second district of the Cantal as of the first turn, in 1967. During the events of May 1968, it understands that the rioters and the strikers by their excesses and that should be dissolved the Assemblée was discredited, decision that much judges suicidal in the entourage of the Général de Gaulle, which wishes a Référendum. Many thinks that it is the alloy De Gaulle/Pompidou (firmness of the General/negotiations of the Dolphin, as in Grenelle) which will make leave the country this seism without precedent. Of bad grace, this last ends up being joined the councils of Pompidou and the elections which follow are a triumph for the UDR (Union for the defense of the Republic) which gathers old UNR (become UD-Ve meanwhile) and some rejoined. Georges Pompidou is re-elected in the Cantal, the left is decapitated, many his leaders are not re-elected, in particular Pierre Mendès France. But de Gaulle, irritated to have been wrong against its Prime Minister the constrained one to present her resignation the July 10th and replaces it by Maurice Couve of Murville, while placing it, in a way which he believes ironic, in reserve of the Republic .

At the time of a visit with Rome, a Journaliste asks to him whether he thinks of having a political future. He answers: “I do not think of having political future; I have a political past; perhaps I will have a day, if God wants it, a national destiny”. This declaration is worth to him an official remonstrance of the Elysium, which declares it premature.

It is as at that time post- 68 as is held the Affaire Markovic (bodyguard of Alain Delon assassinated) where one will try to compromise his wife by making circulate rumors about it (one speaks about photographs of orgies where Claude Pompidou would appear), it will be a sharp wound forever for Pompidou, until its death. It will reproach the Elysium for not having informed it, to have left this dishonouring rumor, based on the words of a hooligan, to be propagated; it is the final point of rupture between the General and Pompidou.il is devoted has these mandate local mandates: city council man of Cajarc (Batch) of 1965 to 1969, it sits at the National Assembly within the group gaullist Union of the democrats for Republic (UDR), of June 1968 in June 1969

The presidency of the Republic (1969 - 1974)

Presidential election of 1969
After the failure of the referendum of April 1969, the Général de Gaulle withdrew at once its functions and elections were organized.

Georges Pompidou declares candidate the April 29th in the morning. He obtains the rallying of the UDR at once. Only part of Gaullistes of left behind Rene Capitant (which will consider even a moment to arise) and Louis Vallon will not support it. Valery Giscard d'Estaing will carry out a more complex play. He will seek to cause the candidature of Antoine Pinay, who will challenge himself, then will meet Alain Poher. April 30th, it will rejoin Georges Pompidou.
Having reconstituted the former majority, it will attempt to carry out an opening in direction of the centrists. Will answer its call Rene Pleven, Joseph Fontanet and Jacques Duhamel (the father of the constitutionnalist Olivier Duhamel). Left being unable to present a common candidature, as it was however the case in 1965, its most serious rival quickly becomes the president of the Senate which exerts the interim of the presidential function. The first surveys give this last vainqueur.
besides It will be able to reverse the tendency, conducting an active campaign in province, emphasizing the rallyings that it obtained. At the first turn, which proceeds on June 1st, it arrives definitely at the head with 10.051.783 votes (44,5%) in front of Alain Poher (23,3%) and Jacques Duclos (21,3%). Gaston Defferre obtained only 1.133.222 votes (5,01%).
The Communist party calling with the abstention, the second turn is nothing any more but a formalité.
The June 15th 1969, Georges Pompidou is elected president of the Republic with 11.064.371 votes (58,21  %), vis-a-vis Alain Poher, President of the Senate, which had taken over temporarily the duties of the presidency of the Republic after the resignation of De Gaulle and who obtains 7.943.118 from them (41,79%). It takes up duties the June 19th and names, the June 20th, Jacques Chaban-Delmas at the station of Prime Minister, function which it will occupy until the July 5th 1972, date on which Pierre Messmer succeeds to him, remained in functions until the May 27th 1974.

General considerations
On the international scene, Georges Pompidou continues the policy gaullienne independence all in the softener, in particular with regard to the the United States and of the Great Britain.

At the national level, George Pompidou intends to modernize France: it continues economic modernization and the industrialization of the France, while having to face social conflicts and with the first by-effects of the oil crisis of 1973.

It develops the car with the detriment of the other means of transport. He says on this subject in 1971: “It is necessary to adapt the city to the car”. The number of cyclists regresses and the number of motorists increases significantly. In good number of cities much of old workings are destroyed to make place with expressways or to widen certain axes as in Lyon with the Tunnel of Fourvière. It is however wrongly that one generally allots to him the paternity of the highway Plan for Paris which was more designed by the engineering services, the architects and town planners of the town of Paris. Georges Pompidou belongs to the political community having killed of many secondary railway networks under pretext of modernity. Of this fact much of campaigns nowadays are accessible only in the cars.

It takes part in the development of the intensive agriculture and agricultural processing industry by the mechanization and the use of manure and pesticides. In same time, it launches the first labels and the labels of origin.

Great stages of its presidency

; Government Jacques Chaban-Delmas (June 20th 1969 - July 5th 1972)

  • 1969:
    • June 26th: Chaban-Delmas presents its program " the news société" based on the widening of public freedoms, the participation in the companies, the increase in the regional capacities and the development of solidarity.
    • August 8th: Devaluation of the frankly of 12,5%.
    • September 16th: Speech of general policy of Jacques Chaban-Delmas who expresses the wish to organize a true competition between the two television channels of ORTF, and results in the creation of two autonomous units of information then by two distinct directions.
    • December: law on the worker shareholding at Renault, inauguration of the first line of the RER (Saint-Leger Nation-Boissy), abandonment by France of its die graphite-gas for its nuclear plants.
    • December 15th: Impassioned by the Culture and the Art, Georges Pompidou announces the creation of a center of Contemporary art with Paris (which bears today the name of Center Georges-Pompidou).

; Government Pierre Messmer (July 7th 1972 - May 27th 1974)

  • 1972:
  • 1973
  • 4 and March 11th: legislative elections gained by the UDR and its allies of the independent Republican .
    • March 15th: Creation of the Central service of the Safety of Nuclear installations. Startup with Marcoule of Phoenix, first French power station with fast neutrons.
    • April 3rd: Georges Pompidou proposes a constitutional reform having for goal to bring back the presidential mandate to five years.
    • April 5th: Cabinet reshuffle
    • April 25th: inauguration of the Parisian peripheral
    • June 12th: The clock industry Lip files for bankruptcy its. The factory of Besancon is occupied.
    • August 25th: demonstrations of ecologist S, antimilitarists and the regionalistic ones to be opposed to the extension of the army ground Larzac.
    • October 17th: First Oil crisis caused by the decision of the countries of OPEC to increase the rough oil price considerably and to strike Embargo allies of Israel following the release of the War of Kippour. France, nonconcerned by the embargo, realizes of its energy dependence.
    • October 24th: Adjournment of the reform of the five-year period.
    • December 4th: a journalist of the Canard connected discovers agents of the General informations disguised in plumbers placing microphones in their new buildings.
    • December 20th: Adoption of the law Royer limiting the opening of large surfaces.
    • December 22nd: The Arab countries decrease by 25% the oil exportations and increase the price of the barrel of 17%. The price of the rough Barrel of Pétrole passes from 5,092 $ to 11,651 $. The French invoice will pass from 17 to 123 billion francs.
    • at the end of December: France counts 421 thousand unemployed (2,7% of the population)
  • 1974:
    • January 19th: France leaves the European Monetary System
    • March 1st: Cabinet reshuffle
    • March 3rd: Decision of the government to develop the investments in the nuclear program in order to ensure its energy independence.
    • March 8th: inauguration of the airport of Roissy-Charles de Gaulle
    • 11 - March 13rd Last voyage abroad of Georges Pompidou in the USSR where it meets Leonid Brejnev. Its inflated face accredits the rumors on its disease.
    • April 2nd: death of Georges Pompidou. The president of the Senate, Alain Poher, takes over temporarily the duties

End-of-life

The disease

In the last months of its life, its Disease of Waldenström and the Corticoïde S deform its face. In spite of the rumor concerning its Health, the official declarations give a report on simple Grippe S . One announces the April 2nd 1974 his death in his studio of the island Saint-Louis. It was carried by a striking down Septicémie. A polemic developed about the secrecy held around its disease and it was agreed that the futures presidents of the Republic would make public of the regular medical bulletins. François Mitterrand, which had engaged there, dissimulated to him also the gravity of its disease after its accession with the capacity in 1981.

Death certificate

Ref.: Paris IV {{E}} /D/1974/0277

April two mille-neuf-cent seventy-four, twenty and one hours, is deceased, in its residence, 24 quai de Béthune: Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou, born in Montboudif (Cantal) on July 5th, 1911, President of the French Republic, Large Cross of the Legion of Honor, wire of Leon Pompidou and Marie Louise Chavagnac, husbands deceased. Husband of Claude Jacqueline Cahour. Drawn up on April 3rd, 1974, 9 hours, on the declaration of Paul Perruchot, General inspector of Company, 59 years, 13 rue de la Grange-Batelière in Paris, which, reading made and invited to read the act signed with Us, Georges Théolierre, Officer of the Legion of Honor, Maire of IVe district of Paris. (the signatures follow)

Decoration

Posterity

Many lanes and schools were baptized in the name of Georges Pompidou, in France and in other countries, in homage to the defunct president.

Quotations

  • 1966, with Jacques Chirac which made him sign new decrees: “  But thus stop emmerder Français  ” (quoted by Thierry Desjardins).
  • November 10th 1970, at the time of a consecutive short televised speech with died of Charles de Gaulle: “French, French, the de Gaulle general died, France is widowed. ”
  • January 28th 1974, brought back by the Portuguese minister F.Barboza: “When Giscard looks at me, I see well that it finds that I do not die rather quickly…”
  • February 28th 1970, in Chicago: “The influence of the man on nature became such as it involves a risk of destruction of nature itself. It is striking to note that at the moment when accumulate and diffuse more and more goods known as of consumption, they are the elementary goods most necessary to the life, like the air and the water, which start to be lacking. ”
  • 1971 “It is necessary to adapt the city to the car. ”
  • 1972 “Dear France old woman! Good kitchen! Madness-Shepherdesses! Merry-Paris! The High-Seam! It is finished! France started and largely started an industrial revolution” {(November 15th, 1972, press conference)}
  • “the year 1968 had a taste of ash” (to restore a truth)

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