George Montandon
George Alexis Montandon is a Universitaire French of origin Suisse, born with Cortaillod (Suisse) the April 19th 1879. He would have died carried out by the Résistance in 1944 to Clamart, although this end was questioned by his/her friend Louis-Ferdinand Céline. Ethnologist with the Museum of the Man, it was one of the scientific guarantees of the Racisme before the Second world war.
Biography
A doctor and exploring Swiss
George Montandon made studies of medicine to the Université of Geneva then to the Université of Zurich where it practiced, of 1906 to 1908, the surgery with the university private clinic. After its service Militaire it is caught passion for the Anthropologie. It goes then to Hamburg, then with London and decides to become explorer. At thirty years, in October 1909, it embarks Marseilles for the Ethiopia of the négus Ménélik II, which it will explore in 1910. Of return of Ethiopia it settles as doctor with Lausanne. In 1914, it engages like volunteer in a French hospital of Borough-in-Bresse, where it gives its training of surgeon in practice, then returns in Suisse in 1916. In 1919 he studied with the ethnographic Musée of Geneva the Généalogie of the musical instruments and the cycles of civilization.
The attraction for Communism and the Soviet Union
Attracted by the revolution Bolshevik of 1917, Montandon goes in Soviet Union in 1919, charged by the Croix-Rouge with organizing repatriation by Vladivostok Austrian prisoners of war retained in Siberia. It benefits from it to study the Aïnous last of the island Sakhaline and the Buriat ones of the lake Baïkal. With Vladivostok he marries 22 years a communist Russian, Marie Zviaghina.
He is then completely favorable to the revolution Bolshevik, supports the political police, the Tchéka, in Two years at Koltchak and the Bolsheviks published in 1923. Returned to Switzerland he becomes member of the Communist party of Lausanne. Perhaps it receives even money of the Soviet secret services. He denounces slavery in Abyssinie and the genocide of the Indians to the the United States.
He settles with Paris in 1925, where works with the Muséum of natural history, and written in the communist review Clarté , directed by Henri Barbusse.
The theorist of French ethno-racism
In 1931, it enters to the École of anthropology. In 1933 it occupies the pulpit of Ethnologie and it publishes the Race, the races at Payot, work favorably accommodated by the whole of the scientific press, where it writes: “Today the Juif S form before a a whole ethnos group, a company name, and not a uniform race” . The classification of the races proposed by Montandon is still presented in 1965 like a reference by Georges Olivier, Professor d' Anthropologie with the Faculty of Science and Professor d' Anatomie at the Medical college of Paris, in its work human Morphologie and standards (pp. 129-132).
In 1934, Montandon publishes Ologenèse cultural published at Payot, “treaty of cyclo-cultural ethnology and systematic ergology”, accommodated always well. In 1935 appears the French Ethnos group (Payot) where it provides the foundations of “ethno-racism” with scientific claims in France. In the foreword he writes: “To speak about French race, it is not to know what is a race. There is no French race. There is a French ethnos group, in the somatic constitution whose the elements of several races enter”. It subdivides the French in various types, Scandinavian, alpine, dinaric, Mediterranean, then studies certain alien components, judaïque, négroïde, mongoloïde. It reproduces the photographs of Henri Barbusse, of François Mauriac, Pierre Benoit to illustrate his matter, and Benjamin Crémieux illustrates the judaïque standard “with Mediterranean affinities” , and Leon Blum - “the politician” - the judaïque standard “with alp-Armenian affinities” . If the Antisémitisme is not obvious there, it appears there cunningly.
Towards a “scientific” anti-semitism
Named in 1936 conservative of the Museum Broca, and disappointed Popular front, perhaps for reasons more personal than Political S, it turns definitively to the anti-semitism, and corresponds then with anti-semites considered like Henri-Robert Petit, Leon de Poncins and Armand Bernardini.
He undoubtedly enters in relation to Céline since 1938, after the publication of Bagatelles for a massacre . This lampoon is clearly influenced by work of Montandon; this last is even quoted in the School of the corpses . Montaudon in addition justifies “the ethno-racism” of Celine by “Jewish ethno-racism”.
It approves the racial laws Italian relating to the Jews and decides for the creation of a State Juif in Palestine “to which the Jews would be amenable, living in other States only in the capacity as foreigners, with passport and all that results from this”, and affirms that the Yellows, the Blacks and the White would not go down from the same race of Singe S, but ones of the Oran-outang, others of the Gorille or the Chimpanzé.
Anti-semitism of Montandon
December 15th, 1926, Montandon makes appear under pseudonym in Humanity an article entitled “the origin of the Jewish types”. After its first work d'" ethnologie" during the years 1930, it publishes in the number of April 1939 of Contre-Révolution , an article entitled “the ethno-racial Solution of the Jewish problem” where it affirms: “this savage integrity of Semitic blood turns into to Jews the first ethno-racists in date”.
“Ethno-racist”, it opposes Charles Maurras and his Antisémitisme of State: besides he suspects Maurras of a Jewish ascent, “marrane”, whereas he had initially classified it in 1935 as “standard Mediterranean of the littoral - crossroads of several types” (it was also the thesis of the lampoonist anti-semite Urbain Gohier). In November, in the Italian racist review Difensa della Razza , it publishes an article under the title of “ Etnia putana ”, expression which will serve again to him.
The July 2nd 1940, in France with work , newspaper of Charles Dieudonné, it launches out in the imprécations: “In addition to its faults to it, the French Nation was poisoned by the spirit of the ethnos group whore. What indeed psychologically characterizes the Jewish community ethnic and legitimates scientific name under which indicate we it, it is not only its Luxure, but before all the fact that this community, instead of serving a Patrie, a Pays, is put, like a streetwalker, with the service of all the countries, while having refused during two thousand years to melt itself in the population of these countries. It is the spirit of the ethnos group whore which, being binding to the French: a) made bleat the Paix, b) sabotaged the armament, c) and especially disgusted the woman, since decades, maternity, thanks to its press in particular, of which old the Paris-Evening , known as " Pourrissoir" , with its quasi pornographic headings, directed by Jewish whores, of which we know the name, was the accomplished model” .
But following the questionings of naturalizations, Montandon loses French nationality and its employment at the School of Anthropology. At Denoël, the editor of Celine, with the New Editions French, in November 1940, announcing the Jewish Ethnos group or Ethnos group whore (which will never be published), Montandon inaugurate the collection “the Jews in France” by publishing a food work Comment to recognize the Jew? . It is about a booklet gathering of the quotations of Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Edouard Drumont, Guy of Maupassant, Jules Michelet, Frederic Mistral, Ernest Renan, Adolphe Thiers, Voltaire and Emile Zola.
Collaboration and eugenism
In July 1940, he becomes director of the review the French Ethnos group , financed by the German Institut of Paris, then by the Commissaire with the Jewish questions, Darquier de Pellepoix. He publishes articles there on the “Jewish ethnos group”. Does in November 1940 appear with the New French Editions its work Comment to recognize the Jew? , the first volume of the collection “Jews in France”.
Montandon is named president of the ethnic Commission of the French Popular party (PF) of Jacques Doriot, and he writes in the Sheaf of Alphonse of Chateaubriant. July 27th, 1941, a decree returns French nationality to him.
In October 1941, it contributes to the organization of the exposure of Berlitz where one seeks to learn with each and everyone " how to recognize a Jew? ". As from December 1941, it is attached to the General police station with the Jewish questions in the capacity as ethnologist. For this reason, and with the help of a good sum, it issues certificates of not-membership of the Jewish race.
In 1942, Xavier Vallat is replaced by Darquier de Pellepoix with the General police station with the Jewish questions. The Institute of study of the Jewish questions, initially entrusted to the captain Sézille to organize the exposure German E the Jew and France , and especially intended for the “economic aryanisation” of the country (“to manage the Jewish goods and to denounce the camouflages”), is then dissolved. Renamed in Institute of studies of the Jewish questions and ethnoraciales - the IEQJER, school of formation to the “Social Hygiene E” and to the Anti-semitism as from March 1943. The direction of this Institute is entrusted to Montandon, responsible for the course of judaïque ethnoraciology. Among the trainers of this institute are Armand Bernardini and Claude Vacher of Lapouge, Jean Héritier, journalist with the Pilori.
In 1943, Montandon makes distribute a translation, intended for the medical students, Manuel of Eugénique and human Hérédité of the Nazi Otmar von Verschuer, person in charge of the Institute of anthropology to Berlin.
In the Yellow Book it proposes to practice a “operation disfiguring for the beautiful Jewish ones”. The April 15th 1944, the review publishes I hate you (Henry Coston), booklet of 50 pages where 500 documents denounce the role of the Juif S in the Littérature, the Cinéma, the Peinture, the Prostitution, traffics in all kinds, the Crime S ritual and the Terrorisme…
Two assumptions on the death of Montandon
Montandon would have been cut down with his wife by the Résistance the August 3rd 1944 in its villa of Clamart under the eyes of his/her two daughters and her son. However Celine and other sources affirm that it would not have been wounded and is only transported initially to the Lariboisière hospital, which was then under German administration, then transported in Germany where it would have died, on August 30th at the hospital Karl-Weinrich-Kranhenhaus de Fulda, of the continuations of a Cancer from which it suffered already and of the wounds of Clamart. The trace of his/her son and his daughters is lost then. One of his/her daughters, Irene, married the Saharan explorer later Henri Lhote. She died with Montrichard, in the area of Tours, in September 2006.
Works
- Two years at Koltchak and the Bolsheviks , 1923
- the race, races. Development somatic of ethnology , Payot, 1933
- Ologenèse cultural , Payot, 1934
- French Ethnos group , Payot, 1935
- How to recognize the Jew? New French Editions, 1940