Geometrician-expert

The geometrician-expert is a person exerting a trade which consists, in short, to establish various measurements concerning the real estate.

“Geometrician” comes from the Greek Ge who designate the goddess of the ground and from metron which means measurement.

Official definition

the geometrician-expert is the professional who identifies, delimits, measurement, evaluates the public or deprived real estate, built or not, as well on surface as in basement, as well as work as one carries out there and who organizes his recording and that of the attached rights in rem. By extension, he studies, projects and directs installation or the land, rural or urban improvement.

It treats sciences technical, legal, economic, agricultural and social which are attached to the objects above stated. (official Definition formulated in Rome in 1993 and London in 1934 by twenty-two nations and fourteen dominions. Extract of the statutes of the International federation of Geometricians (FIG)

The equivalent with the Quebec names “ land-surveyor-géomètre ”. This professional must be science Bachelier steady and form part about the land-surveyor-geometricians of Quebec.

History

Some speak about one of the oldest trade of the world. The delimitation of the land goods was born with the land and buildings.

There is nearly 4000 years before our era, the Chaldée NS represented on shelves using simple geometrical forms the pieces measured, the surfaces and designations of the goods as well as information on the relief. A shelf was found close to Telloch in minor Asia.

Around 2000 years before our era, under Sésostris, into Egypt, the grounds were divided into pieces which determined the land tax base. The official land-surveyor of the Pharaon restored the limits of the properties after each flood of the the Nile. One found Egyptian papyruses detail the directives to survey and delimit a ground.

the geometricians of Greek civilization are known of all: Euclide, Pythagore, Thalès, Archimedes…

Later, the Romans, large builders and developers, create a body of geometricians and land-surveyors, the “ agrimensores ” (i.e. “ those which measure the champs ”).

Under the old French mode, the “ land-surveyors-jurés ” are specialists in measurement and right of the ground. One finds the “ Royaux land-surveyors; ”, which traverses the countryside to plant terminals. After the realization of the Land register, created under Napoleon Bonaparte, the geometricians turn more particularly to work relating to the private properties, like worms the large building sites of general interest (channels, railroads, stoppings, highways…).

At the end of the Napoleonean empire, the Belgium Provinces are separated from France. To be annexed with the orange kingdom, then to become in 1830 an independent state. Starting from this date, although having a common past, the profession evolves/moves there differently.

The Geometrician-Expert in Belgium

Missions of the geometrician-expert

Since the law of 2003, no one cannot draw up plane nor reports being able to be joined to a notarial act of translation and division of property, as well as the demarcation of the funds if he is not geometrician-expert.

Of share the history of the profession, the geometrician is also that which manages the domanial properties for the account of their owner. For this reason, they carry out in particular the sale, the evaluation and real management, the cubage and the management of the forest cuts, etc

the geometrician-expert, and this on the basis of payment of sporting federation, also has in its attributions the certification of the tracks of athletics, the hippodromes, the Olympic swimming pools, pigeon for the contests pigeon fanciers (coordinated Andries).

On the basis of regional decree (Walloon region, Flemish area…) the geometrician-expert (as well as other professionals like the architects and the engineers in construction) can carry out various investigations of conformity (allowed hiring, urban certification…)

the geometrician also intervenes on the level of town and country planning by carrying out plans of allotment, of rural regrouping.

In Belgium, the geometrician-expert is only the real expert who is legally sworn in.

Federal councils

To be able to follow the occupation of geometrician-expert, it is necessary to be registered in the table of the federal councils. (law of 2003)

Convention with the Administration of the Land register

Certain geometrician-experts are officially agreed with the administration of the land register. This convention constitutes, for the customer, a guarantee of a work well done because by signing this convention, these geometricians committed themselves carrying out their missions following of the minima criteria imposed by the administration. It goes without saying that which does not respect these minimal criteria to which are held the officially agreed geometricians, does not work correctly.

History

the occupation of land-surveyor was recognized under William of Orange by the decree royal of the July 31st 1825 concerning the relative tendencies with the exercise of the occupation of land-surveyor, modified by the decree-law of February 1st 1921 and repealed the August 6th 1993.

About the middle of the XIXe century, the geometrician-experts gather in professional unions and created illustrates it Société of the geometricians of Belgium which had its seat in Antwerp and whose statutes are in French (at the time it was it only national language and it is only during the war of 1914 - 1918 that Dutch was founded like second national language by the Germanic invaders).

This company was made up of various provincial sections which became provincial associations towards the end of the XIXe century.

the May 18th 1936, a law amending the provisions relating to the exercise of the profession created the diploma for the occupation of real geometrician-expert and the Jury of State - only organization authorized to deliver the diploma for the occupation of real geometrician-expert.

In 1946, was created the Belgian Union of the real geometrician-experts which gathered all nine provincial association geometricians.

After the Second world war, following the hecatomb in the profession, the Regent, in his decree of the June 16th 1947 instituted a single test for obtaining the diploma for the occupation of real geometrician-expert, for the candidates holders of a diploma of higher level (engineer,…).

a royal decree of the January 18th 1995 protecting the professional title and the exercise from the profession created the title of “sworn geometrician-expert”, but it was never applied.

It is only the May 11th 2003, after a fierce combat on behalf of professional associations which was promulgated the Law protecting the title and the occupation of geometrician-expert

Formation

The central Jury of State

The first way of becoming geometrician-expert, although it falls more and more in disuse, is to pass the necessary examinations in front of the central Jury, instituted under the terms of a legislation going back to 1936 (in fact since the reform of the State, the central jury was replaced by the jurys of the communities Frenchwoman and Flemish).

This procedure includes/understands initially first theoretical test at the conclusion which, le/la member elect will be brought (E) to carry out a one two years duration training course with close to a Master of training course, him even geometrician-expert. Once this achieved training course, il/elle will have to present one second test, before obtaining its diploma.

Let us note that the Flemish community does not organize any more the tests and that in Flanders this die thus became theoretical. For the French community, the call to the candidates is the object each year of a publication to the Belgian Monitor.

University studies of level (Bac+4, Vat 5 at the end of 2009)

The royal decree of January 18th, 1995, protecting the professional title and the exercise from the occupation of sworn geometrician-expert recognized two new formations of higher level and having a European equivalent.

The law of May 11th, 2003 confirmed these new dies of access to the profession.

They are the formations of the higher education of the long type delivering the diploma for the occupation of industrial Engineer in construction option geometrician and of the university trainings of bachelor in geography option geometrology.

Nonuniversity studies of level (Bac+3)

In Belgium, the graduats allow in theory the accession the trade of geometrician-assistant.

The Flemish community has creates the profiles of studies of geometrician-expert (master, according to the new European terminology or French control) and of geometrician-assistant (bachelor or graduated graduate/).

The decree of the Government of the French Community of May 19th, 1999 creates the formation of graduated real geometrician-expert allowing obtaining the diploma graduated real geometrician-expert realizing the success of an additional integrated test.

The Flemish community does not organize this type of formations. In the European concert, this way is thus less sure.

Professional associations

Belgian Union of geometrician-experts (UBG-BUL), association gathering associations of geometricians in Belgium.

Association of the geometrician-experts of Liege (A.G.E.Lg.)
Union of the geometrician-experts of Namurian (UGEN) the
Union of the geometrician-experts of Charleroi-Thuin (UGEC)
Union of the geometrician-experts of Brussels (UGEB-ULEB)
Koninklijke Maatschappij van Landmeters der Provincie Antwerpen (KMLPA, association of Antwerp)

National association of geometrician-experts (ANGE-NVLE) is an association gathering mainly geometricians of the administration.

The Belgian Union of the geometrician-experts is only association representing Belgium near the international associations (FIG, CLGE,…).

Limit Crystal

Each year, professional associations of the geometrician-experts decree the Borne of Crystal to a prize winner being particularly distinguished in defense from the interests of the occupation of geometrician-experts.

The Geometrician-Expert in France

Missions of the geometrician-expert

design of all operations or studies referring to the evaluation, the division, the change or the management of the real goods
execution of all operations of expertises arising from same attributions
the establishment of official reports, plans of demarcation and other plans intended to be attached to legal or administrative notarial acts for reports, inventory of fixtures or division of the land goods.

It intervenes in various fields: The land one, geographical information, the rural development, the real estate, the technical diagnosis, engineering and controls of work or town planning. The geometrician-expert can also play a part of council in the management of the building.

The geometrician-expert is only entitled to fix the limits of the land goods by an operation of delimitation called demarcation. Profiting from broad legal and technical competences and an unquestionable knowledge of the ground, he advises in a reliable way the current or future owners on the joint ownership, land division and the constraints. He also plays a key role in the update and the conservation of the data concerning the delimitation and consistency of the land and buildings. The geometrician-expert in general is not all alone, it is accompanied geometricians assistants, topographers, legal experts, advisers…

History

Professional independent, the geometrician-experts gather, at the beginning of the XXe century, in a national union, then constitute, in 1946, the order of the geometrician-experts.

Today, geometrician-experts répartissement on the whole of the territory.

Formation

In-house
: First of all, it is necessary to make a school of sciences applied forming to the trade of geometrician-expert. One can return in these schools either directly after the vat, or after a BTS of geometrician topographer or a standard formation DEUG on contest or file and maintenance. Then, after 2 years of training course in a cabinet of geometrician, one can become geometrician-expert by creating a cabinet or by repurchasing shares in an existing cabinet.

There exist three schools today forming with the trade of geometrician:

ESGT in Mans (72) * ESTP in Paris * INSA in Strasbourg
Into external: One can make a BTS of geometrician topographer then evolve/move within a cabinet as a person in charge. At the end of 10 years, it possible to be graduate by government (D.P.L.G.). This diploma makes it possible to settle as an geometrician-expert.

The Geometrician Official (or patented) in Switzerland

Missions of the engineer official geometrician

the engineer official geometrician obtains by delegation of the State, the authorization to carry out any modification of the plan of the Land register (or cadrastal map) for the compartmental division operations or the carryforward of constructions (buildings, walls, roads,…) called " cadastration".
It establishes the plans of Property Per Stage (PPE) for the apartments or the plans of constraint.
It intrevient by its technical expertise and its measurements of utmost precision in controls of stability of the works (bridges, buildings, barages,…).
On the building sites, it positions and controls the establishment of new constructions.

The engineer official geometrician is only entitled to intervene for the division of a piece and his delimitation on the ground.

History

outline to supplement

Formation

Of share the law and the ordinances of the Federal council, only both Federal Polytechnic schools (EPF) of Lausanne or Zurich give a complete basic training (Master off Science) allowing incrire the examinations of the patent. But after complementary preliminary examinations, the graduates (bachelor) of the High Specialized Schools (HES) are authorized to present itself.
After 3 weeks a federal examination, the Swiss government delivers a federal patent of engineer official geometrician (or patented).

There exist two schools today forming with the trade of engineer geometrician:

Federal Polytechnic school of Lausanne * Federal Polytechnic school of Zurich

In the world

The occupation of geometrician-expert is represented in the world by the FIG (created in 1978) and the FGF (created in 2005)

The International federation of the geometricians

The FIG was founded in 1878 at the time of the congress of the geometricians in Paris and on the initiative of two geometricians; one Belgian, the other French.

The FIG is a federation of national associations and is the only international body which represents all the disciplines related to topometry. It is an governmental organization recognized by the United Nations and of which the goal is to ensure that these topometric disciplines and all those which practice them satisfy the market needs and of the communities which they serve. It pursues its goal by promoting the practice of the profession and by encouraging the development of the professional level.

The Committee of connection of the European geometricians

The CLGE was creates in 1972 by 9 Member States at the time of a congress of the FIG.

Its goal is to represent and promote the interests of the profession. Currently, the CLGE gathers geometricians, topographer, geomaticians, cartographers… of 23 European nations.

Geometer-Europas

Geometer-Europas is a European association gathering Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France and Switzerland with an aim of making evolve/move the teaching of the profession. In 2004, Geometer-Europas obtained the signature of the multilateral agreement by which the Member States were committed harmonizing the studies of the geometrician-experts in Europe.

The Federation of the French-speaking geometricians

The Federation of the French-speaking geometricians was created on November 24th, 2005 with Rabat (Morocco). The constitutive assembly brought together the representatives of various French-speaking associations members of the FIG.

See too

Bématiste
Site about the geometrician-experts in France
Site about the land-surveyor-geometricians of Quebec
the gate of the Geometrician-Experts of Belgium
the site of the Swiss Engineer-Geometricians

External bond

agrimensores: Geometricians of Roman time and their measuring instruments.

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