Geography of ancient Egypt
The geography of ancient Egypt , as well from a climatic point of view as geopolitical, is rather close to that of the contemporary Egypt.
Climate
Egypt is a country with the semi-desert climate whose only fertile band on both sides of the Nile, the delta and some scattered oases, are specific to the human establishment. The remainder is covered by the Libyque desert in the west, the Arabique desert in the east and the the Sinai in the North-East.
Egypt for a very long time underwent a phenomenon of turning into a desert which sees the desert gaining ground on the arable lands. One thinks thus that at the time of the construction of the large pyramids, the plate of Gizeh was covered with a savanna (it is completely desert today). At the times of prosperity of Egypt, the action of the Man, in particular thanks to the irrigation, had to slow down the phenomenon, to even take again ground on the desert. Recently, certain arid zones in antiquity were made clean with the human establishment by the creation of artificial oases.
The annual rising of the the Nile was the major event of the year for the Egyptians of antiquity (moreover the New Year's Day starts with the first signs of rise of water). Today channeled by the High stopping of Aswan, water of the Nile formerly recovered most of its banks, consequently bringing an invaluable black silt which made its grounds fertile. This rising brought prosperity to the Egyptians, but its overflows could be as fatal as the famines caused by a too weak rise of water. The quasi-disappearance of this annual flood of the Nile also had large reflected on the ecosystem of the valley of the Nile.
Borders
The “traditional” borders of ancient Egypt are rather similar to the borders of modern Egypt. Thus, in the Ancient Empire, the country is delimited in north by the the Mediterranean, in the south by the first Cataracte of the Nile, in the west by the libyque desert and the east by the Red Sea and the desert of the Sinai. In fact mainly the southern borders with Nubie and the North-West fluctuated during the centuries. Egypt has, at certain times, wide its influence until into High-Nubie whereas in minor Asia, its influence reaches Amourrou (in Syria) in north and the edges of Euphrate in the east. The Egyptian domination in syro-Palestine will be always of short duration and will seldom exceed Palestine. During the intermediate periods, the country is parcelled out and the Pharaons reign sometimes on small kingdoms like the sovereigns of.
Organization
See the chart of the names S in the infobox of the article.
The Egyptian territory was cut out in administrative areas, the names S, which were controlled, in the name of Pharaon, by Nomarque S. Simples administrative divisions in normal weather, name them gained in autonomy when the central capacity weakened. During the intermediate periods, they could be transformed into independent principalities. The size and the number of name varied during Egyptian Antiquity but the principal poles remained relatively stable.
Areas
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