Geography of Vietnam

The Vietnam is a country of Southeast Asia, surrounded in the West by the Laos and the Kampuchea and in North by the China. It is bordered by the China Sea, the Golfe of Tonkin and the Golfe of Thailand. It occupies a surface of 331.000 km ² (including 3.260 km of maritime border) and has 4.200 km ² territorial water. It with the form of an S stretched, whose ends would be distant of 1650 km.

Topography

The mountainous areas and of high plateaus occupy two thirds of the Vietnamese territory. Area of Thang Hoa, at the Chinese border, the collar of Lao Bao (area of Đà Nẵng), its Western border is consisted the cordillera of Truong-Sound of North, resulting from the plate Tibetan. The cordillera of the South extends from the collar of the Clouds, in the south of the area of Đà Nẵng, until that of Đà Lạt.

Climate

The Vietnamese climate is of type tropical and subtropical, with monsoons; moisture can reach 84%. There exist two seasons: the dry season (from November to April) and the wet season (from May to October).

Because of the differences in latitude and varied relief, the climate differs considerably according to the areas.

During the Winter or the season dries, i.e. between November and April, the winds of monsoon come from the North-East, along the Chinese coast and through the Golfe of Tonkin where they garner much moisture. The season dries is it thus only in comparison with the rain season.

During the rain season, between May and October, the hot air of the Gobi Desert goes up and takes care of the moisture of the sea which it pours on Viêt  Nam by heavy rains.

The rains go the important ones in certain areas to torrential in others, and spread out between 120 centimetres with 300 centimetres. Almost 90% of precipitations occur at the time of this season.

The average temperature is generally higher in the plains than in the mountains and on the plates. It varies 5°C in December and January, with more 37°C in April. The seasons are marked in the Northern half of Vietnam than in the South where the temperature varies almost only between 21 and 28°C.

Resources

Natural resources

Phosphates, Coal, Manganese, bauxite, chromate, Oil, gas, forests, hydraulic power.

Exploitation of the ground

  • arable land: 17%
  • permanent crops: 4%
  • pastures: 1%
  • forests: 30%
  • other: 48% (are. 1993)
  • irrigated Grounds 18.600 km ² (is. 1993)

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