Geography of Turkey

The Turkey is located in Anatolia and Europe of south-east, is bordered by the Black Sea between Bulgaria and Georgia, and is bordered by the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean between Greece and Syria.

The European part of Turkey is located at the west of the the Bosphorus and corresponds has approximately 3% of the total surface area of the country. This area is called Thrace (Trakya into Turkish), 10% of the population of the country is located there.

Anatolia is the part of Turkey which is geographically located in Asia. This area is also called Asia-minor . The term Anatolia is also used to indicate the semi-arid plate in the center of the country. It is bordered by hills and mountains which limit the access to the fertile coastal regions.

Borders

Turkey is bordered by 8 countries and 6 seas. Surrounded by water on three sides and protected by high mountains along its Eastern border. The country generally has the well defined borders. Its land borders were arranged by treaty early during the twentieth century and since remained stable.

The border with the Greece was confirmed by the Traité of Lausanne in 1923, which solved the territorial complaints implying these two countries in Thrace. (See: War of Turkish independence).

Under agreement, the majority of the members of the community helenophone of Western Turkey were obliged to leave for Greece.

The border with Bulgaria was confirmed by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.

Since 1991 the border of more than 500 kilometers with old the Soviet Union, which was defined in the Treaty of Moscow (1921) and the Traité of Kars, formed the borders of Turkey with the countries independent of Arménie, Azerbaïdjan, and Georgia. In spite of the loss by Arménie of territory because of this treaty, Arménie, like legal successor of the RSS of Arménie, declared its fidelity with the Treaty of Kars and all the agreements inherited by the old Soviet Armenian government after its independence.

The border with Iran was confirmed by the treaty of Kasr-i Sirin in 1638.

The border with Iraq was confirmed by the Treaty of Ankara (Ankara) in 1926. The southernmost neighbors of Turkey two, Iraq and Syria, had belonged to the Ottoman Empire up to 1918. According to the limits of the Treaty of Lausanne, Turkey yielded all its complaints to these two countries, which had been organized like leagues mandates of nations under the responsibility governing for Great Britain and France, respectively. Turkey and Great Britain were appropriate the border in the Treaty of Ankara (Ankara).

The border of Turkey with Syria is not recognized by Syria. Because of the Treaty of Lausanne, old Othoman Sanjak (province) of Alexandretta (current province of Hatay) was yielded to Syria. However, in June 1939 the inhabitants of Hatay formed a new state independent and right after, the Parliament voted to link it in Turkey. Since independence in 1946, the Syrians have a deep resentment following the loss of this province of the province and its main cities of Antakya and İskenderun (formerly Antioche and Alexandretta). This question continues to be a problem in Syria-Turkey relations.

References

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