Genoa - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

History

The Republic of Genoa

During bottom the Middle Ages, with, Genoa knows one rise to power and boom thanks to its big business (Soie, spices, Or, invaluable stones, Alun). The life of the institutions of the “Commune” is dominated by the competitions between its four big families, the Fieschi, Grimaldi, Doria and Spinola. Genoa crushes the fleet of Pisa (1284) to the Bataille of Meloria and conquers the Corsica , which becomes its attic with corn, the Sardinia, the port of Pisa and Leghorn. Its powerful fleet also faces Venice on several occasions, without none of the two rivals being able to dominate the other.

Since 1270, the two cities of Venice and Genoa renewed successive truces, while knowing the inevitable confrontation. Génois having positions on the Black Sea, Caffa and Yalta in the Crimea wanted to eliminate the Venetian ones from the markets of Constantinople and Trébizonde; as for the Venetian ones, they wanted to drive out their adversary of their possessions of Syria. Genoa approached Byzance (Traité of Nymphée) while Venice approached Pisa. The two cities prepared the conflict since 1286 and more particularly in 1294. In spring 1294, the Venetian ships attacked the colonies génoises Cyprus, Famagouste then, the October 7th 1294, the Venetian fleet put the sail towards the Cilicie. It met Génois on the coast Arménie and, this time, the battle was disastrous for Venice. It lost 25 ships, a big number of combatants of which its general Marco Basagio.

Vis-a-vis the defeat, the city reacts by giving order to all its ship-owners to undertake a war of race, while the city rebuilt a new fleet of 65 galères.
Genoa, which thus triumphed over Pisa and Venice, is then with the apogee of its military power. However if it does not have anything to fear of Pisa, then divided into factions, Venice was perfectly able to be opposed again to it and, as of the following year, the two cities clash in a series of knacks until Genoa again beats Venice in 1297 in front of Curzola, battles gained by Lamba Doria, brother of Oberto Doria, victorious of Pisa to the Meloria. A mediation of the Pope and Charles of Anjou leads the two cities to sign the Paix of Milan in 1299, making always plane on Genoa in prey with the fights between factions the shade of the Visconti.

A third war bursts, of 1350 with 1355, enamelled dubious victories on both sides, until they sign a temporary peace with Byzance, in 1355, then that they conclude from the trade agreements in 1361. Of 1372 with 1378, a new period of tensions brings successively a Venetian defeat in front of Pola in 1374, then of Genoa close to the Cape d' Anzio in 1378. The following year sees Genoa being essential but, in 1379, began, between the two cities, the Guerre of Chioggia being completed by the defeat génoise in 1380, Venice ensuring its sovereignty on the Eastern Mediterranean. The Paix of Turin of 1381 saw Venice given in possession of all its privileges to Constantinople and was even made recognize the right to freely trade in Black Sea. During this war, Venice of its safety only with died of the general génois, a Grimaldi killed at the time of the final battle. To save their fatherland the Venetian ones were bled as well financially as physically inducing the deep ones and irreversible modifications of the institutions.

In 1390, in front of the loss of its trading positions in Tunisia in favor of Venice, Genoa organized a military forwarding wanting to give him the character of a news Croisade to the pretext of avenge piracy for the Barbaresques against the Chrétien S. It obtained the assistance of a body of Franco-English lords, whose Louis II of Bourbon took the command and who put the seat in front of Mahdia.

The conflict begins again sporadically and a new defeat génoise brought a new treaty in 1404. Genoa is not then any more able to impose itself. Again beaten in 1431, it loses all its counters of the East, its last counter, that of Kaffa in the Crimea, falling in 1475.

In 1339, Genoa is given like Venice, a Doge with life in Simone Boccanegra. According to the institutions, this one must be of origin Plébéienne and Gibelin E. The Doges follow one another just as usurpations and abdications. Adorno and Campofregoso fights for the supreme capacity until Andrea Doria does not force them to change name and transforms the institutions. Genoa is a particular city, marked by the internal conflicts. It is a port where reign the rich person families of ship-owners, the city climbs towards the sky to see arriving the ships, it is with its palates on eight floors, the " New York " the Middle Ages. There are no rectilinear streets with share the Via Garibaldi (Strada nuova) but of the palates, turns, true strengthened districts of the families Patriciennes with their churches and sanctuaries. At the time modern, the old institutions make place, in 1528, with a oligarchical republic or Aristocratique since all the noble ones control the Republic, made up of 28 alberghi , factions which gather the big families of the nobility génoise in nearly 800 Patriciens, such as the Doria, Grimaldi, Fieschi, Spinola, Sauli, Of Ferrari Brignole Sale, Lomellino, Balbi, Durazzo, Giustiniani, Pareto. They elect every two years a Doge of the Republic assisted of a critic and two consuls and 5 Syndicateurs. Génois are the principal bankers of the Crown of Spain, until the bankruptcy of Philippe II. The century which extends from 1550 with 1650 is sometimes named " the century of Génois".

In 1684, the Doge de Gênes (Francesco Maria Imperial Lercari) makes the error to defy Louis XIV by providing galères to the Spain, enemy of France. With the same moment, it treats with ease the French ambassador François Pidou, knight of Saint-Olon. On order of the king, the marquis de Seignelay, intendant of the navy, accompanied by the general lieutenant of the naval armies Abraham Duquesne, organizes in May 1684 a punitive forwarding. The city undergoes a violent one bombardment. The doge had to come to humiliate in Versailles in May 1685. The doge went to the presence of the king, full in August, with a velvet clothing, a skilful advertizing action which determined the one period beginning of great velvet export of Genoa with France. During the visit, the king, showing to the doge the new royal palace of Versailles, asked him which was the thing which had the most astonished it during its visit. The doge answered of a concise formula characteristic of the sarcastic remark génois: " Semi chi" i.e. " Me ici" .

During the XVII° century, the République had to carry out several violent wars against the Royaume of Savoy. At the time of the War of succession of Austria, the armies génoises just reorganized and increased with 8.000 men by the doge, Francesco II Brignole Salts, suffer from the defeats of France. Genoa is consequently occupied. In 1747 Genoa revolts against the Austrian occupant carried out by a child named Ballila. Genoa yields to title " provisoire" its secular sovereignty on the island of Corsica in 1768. In 1795, Giacomo-Maria Brignole Sale is elected, for the second time (after 1779), last doge de Gênes. The Republic continued to exist morally in spite of the French occupation and with the Congress of Vienna in 1814 - 1815, Antoine Brignole Sale defended vigorously but without success the independence of Ligurie; he is regarded today the last Minister for the République antique and as a large ligure patriot.

As for these many Colonies in the Mediterranean, the Doge was King of Corsica 14th century until 1768. The Mediterranean]], but with Atlantic influences. The climate of Genoa is characterized by its strong annual rainfall, which higher than 1.000 mm but are concentrated on a limited number of days, and by a thermal difference between the day and the night which is rather reduced. The “thermal regulator” that constitutes it [[the Mediterranean]] makes it possible Genoa to enjoy higher temperatures with 6°C throughout the year. ==Culture== === Principal monuments === [[Image: IMG 0498.JPG|thumb|right|The port]] [[Image: Genova-Piazza Of Ferrari-angolo.jpg|thumb|right|Piazza de Ferrari]] In the three principal districts of the historical center, medieval, rebirth and port: * Their lanes, '' I vicoli ''. *Le '' Oporto Antico '' (Old port) with largest [[aquarium of Genoa|aquarium]] of Italy and the second of Europe (after that of Valence in Spain). *La '' Lanterna '', one of the oldest headlights still in function, high of 117 meters, it dominates the city and the sea since the {{S|XVI|E}}. *La '' Loggia dei Banchieri '' (Cabin of the Bankers, the old Stock Exchange). * ''' the palates ''' (of which those of the famous street Garibaldi, the old one [[Strada Nuova (Genoa)|Strada Nuova]]): ** The '' [[Palazzo San Giorgio]] '' (Saint-Georges Palate, seat of [[the Office of Georges Saint|bank]] founded in 1407) ** The '' Palazzo Ducal '' (Palate of the Doges) ** the '' [[Palazzo Bianco (Genoa)|Palazzo Bianco]] '' ** the '' [[Palazzo Rosso (Genoa)|Palazzo Rosso]] '' ** the '' Palazzo Grimaldi-Doria Tursi '' ** The '' Palazzo della Meridiana '' ** The '' [[Palazzo Doria LED Principle (Genoa)|Palazzo Doria LED Principle]] '' * ''' the religious buildings ''': ** The '' [[Duomo di San Lorenzo]] '' (St-Laurent Cathedral) where it was preserved [[Sacro Catino]] ** The church of '' Gesù E dei Santi Ambrogio and Andrea '' (table of [[Rubens]] with the top of the high altar: Circumcision) ** The '' [[Basilica della Santissima Annunziata del Vastato]] '' * ''' the museums ''' of art of the '' [[Strada Nuova]] '' (now '' Via Garibaldi) '': '' Palazzo Bianco '' [http://www.museopalazzobianco.it/], '' Palazzo Rosso '' [http://www.museopalazzorosso.it/] and '' Palazzo Tursi '' [http://www.museopalazzobianco.it/template1.asp?itemID=60&level=1&label=Sale+in+Palazzo+Tursi&sito=7]. *La '' Piazza de Ferrari '', with the Stock Exchange and the stores of the '' Via XX Settembre ''. In periphery: * The '' Cimetero monumental di Staglieno '' ====Bibliography culturelle==== * [[Federico Alizeri]] (Genoa 1817 - 1882) '' Guida artistica di Genova '' (rist. anast. Genova, 1846-47) === Personalities born in Gênes=== * the sailor [[Cristoforo Colombo]] (Christophe Colomb) (Genoa, 1451 - 1506) * the monk [[Fabiano Chiavari]] (1489 - 1569) * the violonist [[Niccolò Paganini]] (1782 - 1840) * the patriot [[Giuseppe Mazzini]] (1805 - 1872) * the realizer [[Pietro Germi]] (1914 - 1974) * the architect [[Leone Battista Alberti]] (1404 - 1472) * the singer [[Fabrizio De André]] (1940 - 1999) * the architect [[Renzo Piano]] (1937 -) * painters of [[school génoise]]: ** [[Domenico Piola]] (Genoa, 1624 - 1703) ** [[Giovanni Bernardo Carlone]] (Genoa, 1584 - Milan, 1631) ** [[Giovanni Andrea Carlone]] known as it Genovese (Génois) (Genoa, 1639 -? , 1697) ** [[Giovanni Battista Carlone]] (Genoa, February 16th, 1603 - Parodi Ligure, 1684) * the abstracted contemporary painter [[Emilio Scanavino]] (Genoa, 1922 - Milan, 1986) * the theater and movie actor [[Vittorio Gassman]] (Genoa, 1922 - Rome, 2000) ==Démographie== The population of the agglomeration is approximately 800.000 inhabitants. Port city and industrial, it attracted many Southerners between 1950 and 1980. More than 95% of the population is of stock [[Italy]]. The structure of the population is characterized by a population older than the Italian average and one [[natural balance]] overdrawn. The surge of [[immigrant]] S makes it possible to compensate for the negative demographic trends. ''' Many immigrants (2000 - 2004) ''' * [[Ecuador (country)|Ecuadorians]] - 10.368 (+240,2%) * [[Albania|Albanian]] - 2.883 (+162,3%) * [[Morocco]] ains - 2.746 (+29,0%) * [[Peru|Peruvian]] S - 1.955 (+46,7%) * [[Senegal]] board - 1.024 (- 6,9%) * [[Popular republic of China|Chinese]] - 995 (+69,2%) == Administration == {{MaireIni}} {{Mayors|Period = May 30th, 2002|Identity =Giuseppe Pericu|Party =|Quality =}} {{MaireEnd}} === [[Italian Hamlet|Hamlets]] === ==== Large Genoa ==== The unit '' Grande Genova (Large Genoa) '' - i.e. the city which extends from one end to another of [[the Gulf of Genoa|gulf]] which bears the name of Genoa, from cliffs of [[Bully boy]] to the pebble beach of [[Voltri]] - goes up at the time of [[Fascism]] ([[1926]]), when were agglomerated with the chief town more than twenty communes hitherto a41dernier $c-b1, e,10 $c-b26 ce $c-b16 $c-b43, bn,84 autonomous which are today districts ('' delegazioni '') but which are since always within the framework of the center town: adjacent valleys and both '' [[will riviera]] ''. By extension, one uses sometimes the term for the whole of the agglomeration around the commune of Genoa, with the myriads of small municipalities which extend on sides the hills and heights from the surroundings (like [[Figogna mount]], where is it [[Sanctuary of the Madonna della Guardia (Genova)|Sanctuary of the Madonna della Guardia]]) or the various tourist places, cliff or sand beaches beyond [[Vesima]], in the west, or of [[Bogliasco]], in the east. In fact, it is the network of bus and the railway line which serve them which marks best the unit of these various districts of current and itself the '' Grande Genoa ''. ====Autrefois common, today districts ('' delegazioni '') ==== ===== '' Communes assistants in [[1873]] '' ===== [[Image: Genova - Cimitero di Staglieno - the Pantheon-2.JPG|thumb|'' The cemetery with Staglieno. '']] * [[Foce (quartiere of Genoa)|Foce]] * [[Albaro|S.Francesco d' Albaro]] * [[San Martino (district of Genoa)|San Martino d' Albaro]] * [[San Fruttuoso (district of Genoa)|San Fruttuoso]] * [[Marassi (district of Genoa)|Marassi]] (included/understood [[Quezzi (district of Genoa)|Quezzi]]) * [[Staglieno (district of Genoa)|Staglieno]] where the famous cemetery is ===== '' Communes assistants in [[1926]] '' ===== * [[Apparizione]] * [[Bavari]] * [[Bolzaneto]] * [[Borzoli]] * [[Cornigliano|Ligure Cornigliano]] or '' Cornigliano '' * [[Molassana]] * [[Bully boy]] * [[Pegli]] * [[Pontedecimo]] * [[Pra']] * [[Fourthly dei thousand]] * [[Quinto Al pond]] * [[Rivarolo|Ligure Rivarolo]] * [[Sampierdarena]] * [[San Quirico]] * [[Sant' Ilario]] * [[Sestri Ponente]] * [[Struppa]] * [[Voltri]] === Common bordering === [[Arenzano]], [[Bargagli]], [[Bogliasco]], [[Bosio (Italy)|Bosio]] ([[Province of Alexandria (Italy)|Al]]), [[Campomorone]], [[Ceranesi]], [[Davagna]], [[Masone]], [[Miss]], [[Mignanego]], [[Montoggio]], [[Sant' Olcese]], [[Sassello]] ([[Province of Soaps|SV]]), [[Riccò Tightened]], [[Sori (Italy)|Sori]], [[Tiglieto]], [[Urbe]] ([[Province of Soaps|SV]]) ==Transports urbains== Since 1990, Genoa is equipped with one [[subway of Genoa|subway]] managed by the Transdev company. The network also includes/understands several lines of [[bus]], a line of [[trolley bus]], two [[funicular]] S, a line with [[cog railway|toothed rack]] and ten [[elevator]] S urban. to ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category: Genoa}} === internal Bonds === * [[List of the bishops and archbishops of Genoa]] * [[List of the Italian cities of more than 25.000 inhabitants]] * [[List of the old Italian States]] * [[Agreements of Genoa]] === external Bonds === * {{it}} [http://www.comune.genova.it/ Commune of Genoa] * {{it}} [http://www.genova-2004.it/ Genoa-2004] * {{it}} [historical http://www.centrostoricogenova.com/index_storia.php3#origine Deepening] {{Gate Italy}} [[Category: Town of Italy|Genoa]] [[Category: Commune of the province of Genoa| ]] [[Category: Commune of the Ligurie area|Genoa]] [[Category: Genoa| ]] [[Category: Old prefecture|Genoa]] [[Category: European capital of the culture|Genoa]] [[Category: Port city of Italy|Genoa]] [[Category: Hanse|Genoa]] [[af: Genua]] [[rear: جنوة]] [[bg: Генуа]] [[Br: Genova]] [[bs: Genova]] [[Ca: Gènova]] [[Co: Genuva]] [[Cs: Janov (Itálie)]] [[cy: Genova]] [[da: Genova]] [[of: Genua]] [[el: Γένοβα]] [[in: Genoa]] [[eo: Ĝenovo]] [[be: Génova]] [[and: Genova]] [[have: Genova]] [[F: جنوا]] [[fi: Genova]] [[gl: Xénova - Genova]] [[He: ג ' נובה]] [[hi: जेनोआ]] [[hr: Genova]] [[hu: Genova]] [[id: Genova]] [[it: Genova]] [[ja: ジェノヴァ]] [[ka: გენუა]] [[KB: 제노바]] [[ksh: Jenua (Shtadt)]] [[it: Genua]] [[lij: Zena]] [[lt: Genuja]] [[lv: Dženova]] [[nap: Genova]] [[nl: Genua (stad)]] [[N: Genova]] [[No: Genova]] [[oc: Gènoa]] [[pl: Genua]] [[pms: Génoa]] [[Pt: Génova]] [[qu: Genova]] [[ro: Genova]] [[Ru: Генуя]] [[Sc: Genova]] [[simple: Genoa]] [[sk: Janov (Taliansko)]] [[SSL: Genova]] [[Sr: Ђенова]] [[sv: Genua]] [[Tl: Lungsod ng Genova]] [[tr: Cenova]] [[the U.K.: Генуя]] [[vec: Genoa]] [[VI: Genova]] [[vo: Genova]] [[zh: 热那亚

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