Gaude

The gaude , or yellowish reseda , is a bi-annual Plante herbaceous of the family of the Résédacées, enough commune in Europe Western and southernmost, which was cultivated formerly like tinctorial Plante. All the plant contains dyes of the family of the Flavonoïde S (yellow color).

Scientific name: Reseda luteola L.

Vernacular names: gaude, reseda of the dyers, yellowish reseda, large reseda, bleaches on grass to yellow, yellow grass, mignonette yellowish, grass of the Jews…

Description

Bi-annual plant, persisting sometimes several years, of 50 cm to 1,20 m in height. Root of the swivelling type. Whole lengthened sheets. Flowers greenish yellow, with three petals, grouped in Bunch S lengthened.

Characteristics

  • reproductive Bodies
    • dominant Color of the flowers: yellow
    • Period of flowering: June-October
    • Inflorescence: racème simple
    • Sexuality: hermaphrodite
    • Order of maturation: homogame
    • Pollination: entomogame, autogame
  • Seed
    • Fruit: capsule
    • Dissemination: épizoochore
  • Habitat and standard distribution
    • Habitat: long-lived waste lands mésoxérophiles, médioeuropéennes
    • Surface of distribution: circumboréal

given according to: Julve, pH., 1998 FF. - Baseflor. Botanical, ecological and chorologic index of the flora of France. Version: April 23rd, 2004.

Distribution

This plant is originating in the circumference of the basin the Mediterranean N and Western Asia. One finds it in particular in Egypt and Libya, in the Iberian peninsula, the Italy and the Balkans, like with the the Middle East of the Turkey to the Iran, like with the Pakistan.

Formerly cultivated in France (Languedoc-Roussillon, neighborhood of Paris, north of the Hauts de Seine), in Germany and Great Britain, it was sometimes naturalized there.

Use

The gaude contains a coloring principle which is the lutéolol (or lutéonine) isolated for the first time by the Chimiste French Chevreul. It produces a color Jaune very solid, regarded as best of the Teinture S yellows. All the plant is used for this purpose (stems, sheets in particular).

This plant bears also the name d'" bleaches on grass juifs" because it one of the plants is used, of XIIIe at the XVIIIe centuries, by the Juif S of the Comtat Venaissin (which was then a pontifical field) to dye in yellow the hats which they were held to wear like distinctive sign.

External references

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