Gaston Monnerville

Gaston Monnerville (January 2nd 1897 with Cayenne (Guyana) - November 7th 1991 with Paris) was a Politician French.

Biography

Gaston Monnerville was born with Cayenne, grandson of slave, on January 2nd, 1897 of Marc Saint-Yves Monnerville and Marie-Francoise Orville. Paternal side, the family is originating in Box-Pilot, commune of the Martinique (where the aristocracy of the island resided). The future President primarily held the interbreeding of black blood of his maternal branch.

Studies

He attends the college of Cayenne and in 1912, stock exchange, he leaves the Guyana and enters in class of second, with Toulouse, the College Pierre Fermat, college installed in old Hôtel of Bernuy. He showed there a pupil particularly shining, as gifted for sciences as for the letters. In class of second, Gaston Monnerville accumulates the rewards: outstanding commendation award, first price of mathematics, second price of Latin version, third price of modern history, etc…

The class of rhetoric is, it also, extremely brilliant and the prize list is impressive: price of the Honnor roll, first price in mathematics, first English price (first language), first Spanish price (second language), etc…

The brilliance pupil chooses the Letters and chooses to follow the class of Philosophy. It gains there price OZENNE, the price of Honor, etc…

Studying with faculties of Letters and Right of Toulouse, Gaston Monnerville, passes at the same time his arts degree and its license in right, with the congratulations of the jury. It is also with the congratulations of the jury that it is received, in 1921, doctor in right, after having supported a thesis on “unjustified enrichment”. This one is honoured with a subscription of the ministry for the State education and preceded, the same year, with the contest of the Theses.

The lawyer

Since 1918, Gaston Monnerville is registered with the Bar of Toulouse. Receipt, in 1921, with the Contest of the Secretaries of the Conference, it obtains to the Gold medal “Alexandre Fourtanier” who rewards one for best Secrétaires. For this reason, he pronounces, with a solemn meeting of re-entry, a speech noticed on “Criticism and the Right of reply”.

Gaston Monnerville leaves Toulouse and is registered, in 1921, at the Bar of Paris. He enters soon to the cabinet of a famous lawyer (and future statesman), César Campinchi (1882-1941), of which he will be, during eight years, the principal collaborator.

In 1923, it is received with the Contest of the Secretaries of the Conference of Lawyers, with the Court of Appeal of Paris. In 1927, he is elected President of the Union of Young Lawyers.

Gaston Monnerville pleads several great lawsuits. And especially, it is illustrated, at the 34 years age, in 1931, in the Affaire “GALMOT”. Accused, after the caused riot, in 1928, by the electoral fraud and the suspect death of Jean Galmot, fourteen Guianeses are translated before the Court of Assizes of Nantes. With Fourny, Alexandre Zévaès and Henri Torres, it ensures their defense. Its pleading produces a considerable effect on sworn, which decides for the payment.

Political commitment

Following the Galmot business, one proposes to him to be presented in Guyana, against the outgoing deputy, Eugene Lautier. He is elected with a considerable majority radical deputy of the Guyana in 1932 and 1936.

In the third and fourth cabinets of Camille Chautemps, he is under-secretary of State to the colonies in 1937 and 1938. The nomination of a coloured man to the Government was appreciated neither in Germany, nor in Italy. In “Azione colonial” of July 22nd, 1937, an article titrated “Behind the Red of the Popular front comes the Black” announces the creation of an under-secretary's department of State to the Colonies “entrusted to the black G. MONNERVILLE” and comments on: “France adopted an indigenous policy which, in addition to that it is a madness for the French nation itself, is a danger to the other nations of Europe, because this action which exceeds the purely political framework to meet the biological framework, must be denounced with the world public opinion, where exists a race incontestably higher than that of color than France would like to establish in the middle of Europe”.

Resistance

Volunteer in the marine of June 23rd, 1939 until the formation of the mode Pétain, it takes part in the Résistance, it contacts the Chevance captain and enters the movement Combat under the name of " Saint-Just" in homage to his/her uncle, Saint-Just Orville. He protests with Vichy against the first discriminatory measurements which strike “the Jews, the Arabs and the coloured men”. The marshal Pétain answers in an evasive or dilatory way.

He sits at the provisional Consultative Assembly. The Provisional government of the French Republic Monnerville load to prepare the statute of Overseas French.

The Constitution initially, de Gaulle then

After electbeing elected with the two constituent National Assemblies, Gaston Monnervile is elected with the Conseil of the Republic in 1946. He becomes president of this council in March 1947. In 1948, it is elected in the Lot and will preserve this mandate under the V {{E}} République in the capacity as senator of the party of the democratic Gauche until in 1974.

In 1958, it plays a big role in the return of the Général De Gaulle to the capacity while going with André To exchange It with Saint-Cloud for a maintenance on the methods of the nomination of the General and the respect of the Constitution.

It preserves its mandate at the head of the Senate while becoming President of the Senate of 1959 with 1968. It will have thus chaired the second room of the frustrated Parliament during 21 years that with a margin of a few months, it could not become president of the Republic by interim; this honor falling to its immediate successor, Alain Poher, by twice.

The defense of the Senate

In 1962, Gaston Monnerville is opposed to the project of referendum on the election of the President of the Republic to the Vote for all and coward the word of “breach” against the Prime Minister Georges Pompidou. It fights the reform project of the Senate which will be rejected at the time of the referendum of the April 27th 1969. Its successor, Alain Poher, names it member of the Constitutional council in 1974 for a nine years mandate.

Gaston Monnerville will have also chaired the Sénat of the Community in 1959 and 1960. On the municipal level, he was mayor of Cayenne then of Saint-Céré (Lot) and on the departmental level, he chaired the general advice Batch of 1951 1970).

Last years

Having given up, in 1968, with the Presidency of the Senate, Gaston Monnerville continuous to exercise his senatorial mandate, six years lasting. When the radical scission of 1972 occurs, it gives its adhesion to new the Mouvement of the radical lefts.

February 22nd, 1974, Mr. Alain Poher, his successor, names it member of the Constitutional council. The nomination of G. Monnerville surprised, because the President of the Senate of 1962 had not been tender for the Constitutional council, which had stated itself inefficient to judge referendum on the election of the President of the Republic by the vote for all.

Considering that it is destined for a judicial office, it estimates that consequently, it must prohibit, for the future, very political standpoint. Gaston Monnerville lends oath on March 5th, in front of Georges Pompidou, President of the Republic, which will die less than one month later (April 2nd). In 1983, Gaston Monnerville, who is Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, on a purely military basis, since 1947, is promoted Officier. The Head of the State, François Mitterrand, gives the “rivet washer to him” to the Elysium.

Entered at the Constitutional council at the 77 years age, it leaves it later nine years. It is 86 years old, but it does not give up any activity. He still pronounces conferences on the institutions or of the talks on his memories of public figure. Television comes to record it. It signs some forewords.

Its longevity and its clearness are exceptional. But for a few years, it has been reached of a serious disease; he dies on November 7th, 1991, at the 94 years age.

Large spokesperson of the Human rights in France, Gaston Monnerville was one of the best French speakers under three Republics.

Summary of the mandates

Decorations

An esplanade bearing its name in Paris was inaugurated the September 5th 2006 by Bertrand Delanoë and chair it Senate, Christian Poncelet, near the Jardin of Luxembourg.

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