Gaston Jèze

Gaston Jèze (Toulouse, March 2nd 1869 - Deauville, August 5th 1953) is a Professor of public Droit French, president of the Institut of international law.

Gaston Jèze was one of the principal promoters of financial science like autonomous teaching in the universities and one of the lawyers who contributed to replace the concept of public power by that of Public service. In the academic world it is referred like the pope of public finances. Its engagement in the conflict which opposed in the middle of the Thirties the Ethiopia to the Italy Mussolinienne, will be enough to ignite a youth coed in majority won over then to the ideals of a nationalist right and Xénophobe.

A famous academic

Specialist in the financial problems, Gaston Jèze was one of the first academics to apprehend the public financial phenomena by taking account of all the factors, not only the factors financial, economic, but also the political, social or legal factors.

A militant of the human rights

An academic anti-nazi

In 1933, Jèze is, with the academics Rene Capitant, Rene Cassin, and Georges Ripert, one of the first large French lawyers and law professor, to protest against measurements Antisémite S of the mode Nazi.

The legal adviser of Négus of Ethiopia

Its notoriety exceeded the university framework after it had agreed to be the adviser of Hailé Sélassié, négus of Ethiopia, driven out Addis-Abeba by the Italian troops of Benito Mussolini.

Thus, as of the January 10th 1936, with the resumption of the courses, it is accommodated with the cries of " Jèze resignation! Jèze outside! ". The young students of the French Action and Patriotic Youths are then most vehement and lasting nearly two months take place of the confrontations between students pro and anti-Jèze. Among the hostile demonstrators the young person François Mitterrand appeared, then voluntary national in the colonel François of Rocque.

It is certainly not its severity as a professor who is worth these attacks but well his role of council to him near the Négus in his confrontation against Mussolini. It had become with its body defending the symbol of the Droit and the anticolonialism while being the defender of the Ethiopian cause in front of the international permanent Cour of justice of $the Hague, and fact the target of the Extrême right-hand side.

It is the March 5th 1936 which the French nationalist right organized its greater demonstration requiring its resignation. Jèze, at the time still catalogued like a republican of left, will have to hide all along its stay with $the Hague to avoid being the target of an assassination.

Mistakes of the second world war

During the Second world war, Gaston Jèze is one of these eminent lawyers who are mislaid to comment on the legislation on the Jews installation by the Régime of Vichy.

Whereas the young qualified schoolteacher Maurice Duverger comments on in 1941 the situation of the civils servant since the Revolution of 1940 without expressing the least reservation on the statute ( measurement which strikes the Jews has the character of a state security measure - Re-examined of Public law, 1942), tested the Gaston Jèze, in 1944, analyzes in this same Review of Public law the legal Definition of the Jew within the meaning of the legal incapacities . What worries it, it is with which falls the proof and what are the contrary presumptions. And it analyzes the Jurisprudence Council of State which, in two stops of the April 4th 1942, taken as a general meeting, had interpreted the statute of the Jews.

Notable works

theoretical and practical Study on the occupation like mode to acquire territories in international law , thesis, Paris 1896;
Elements of the science of finances (1902) joint author max Boucard
Course of science of finances and French financial legislation , Giard, Paris 1922;
the expenditure of war of France (PUF, 1926) (critical of the financial policy of France during the First World War)
public service contracts 4 vol., ED. Girard, Paris, (1927)
the Stabilization of the currencies , (Paris 1932).
general principles of the administrative law - legal technique of the public law French

Quotations

the Recourse for abuse of power is “ the most effective weapon, most economic and most practical which exists in the world to defend public freedoms ”.
the tax is a necessary pecuniary service of the private individuals by way of authority, on a purely final basis and without counterpart, for the cover of the public offices (Course of public finances, LGDJ, Paris, 1935, p. 42).

" the money burns the fingers of those which it manipulent" notion in the beginning of separation between public directors and accountants

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