Gardening in Asia

The gardening in Asia is originating in China, where the decorative horticulture started, and from where it was then propagated on all the remainder of the continent. The culture of Fleur S became one of seven arts, and received a mystical importance.

Gardening in China

The historians have sorrow to date the birth from the gardening in China. However several texts refer to the gardens of king Wu de Zhou (11°siècle front J-C) whose design rested already on philosophical bases. The research of the harmony with the universe and the refusal of the symmetry which does not exist in nature are the heart of the Chinese Jardin. It constitutes a summary of the world proposed with the spirit and the mountain, even symbolized by a single rock, is an element always present. Wei of North made of their capital a summary of the world with its palates, its temples, of vast gardens, the enclots of medicinal plants and the zoological gardens. Finally under Han of many very structured imperial parks were created, thus in 104 av J-C begins creation from the Bechaï park often modfié and increased since. The palates of the Dynastie Han (-206 with 220 after J. - C.) are surrounded by vast gardens and parks.

The gardening makes its true great strides however only when rural residences and gardens of cities were created. The Chinese house is composed of a succession of buildings separated by courses and gardens. The gardens must multiply the sights, the points of contemplation with view-points and houses. Later, under Tang and Song the fashion will be with the landscape gardens with conceptual allusion then the Ming landscape designers will build the theories sophists on art to create gardens.

Contrary to the Western evolution of the gardening, which preaches gardens with the artificial paces, where the print of the human hand is visible, in China, the natural aspect is very important. They take as a starting point landscapes which they try to reproduce and to improve. The growth must be luxuriant, the aspect must be pleasant, one seeks there loneliness, rest, appeasing. This last is provided by a surprising diversity of plants in particular of flowers and ornaments. The gardens are generally provided of a water level or a brook, where watery plants push. One also tries to reproduce there with small scales of the valleys and assembly lines. The principle of rubble is most probably originating in China.

Gardening in India

History

In ancient India the gardens are planted flowered parks of traversed trees of rivers and flowered basins of lotus. Buddha lay with its faithful in one of the two parks which its admirors had offered to him Vélouvana and Yetanova. After their arrival in the area of Bombay Parsis, Mazdéens which by refusal to Islamize itself fled Mésopotamie create the gardens with large central water mirror. Baber, descendant of Tamerlan, driven out Samarkand invades the Afghanistan then India, founds the dynasty of Large Mogols. Everywhere it creates Gardens in the line of the Perses gardens according to the symbolic system of the garden of Eden. The rectangular Mogols gardens, squares or, are surrounded by a bored wall of a main door. They are divided into four by alleys of water cutting itself to right angle. Houses and fountains, alleys of trees and pergolas of vines decorate the various parts. We have the description of the " garden of the fidélité" of Kabul surrounded by orange trees and pomegranates. India is place of mixing of the cultures: the water mirror becomes central channel or river mother of the hindouism and Bagh er Eram with its central lake is of Chinese influence. With its apogee the Mogol empire creates the great prospects, and Taj Mahäl with Agra remains the witness about it. Then the Arab style will dominate and the Dig garden is the best example.

The idea to put plants out of pot, from where art rose from the Bonsaï, comes from India.

Gardening in Japan

The Gardening of the Japan rises from the Chinese culture which was brought to him gradually following the invasions of the Korea by the dynasties Sui (581 - 618) and Tang (618 - 907). It undergoes great transformations and becomes much more abstract than his Chinese big brother. Thus were born from the original applications of the gardening: floors only composed of stones, rocks and of sand, which is arranged in a very studied way, the Bonsaï and other elements, from which much results from philosophy Zen.

See too

Sources and Bonds

History off Agricultural and Horticultural Technology in Asia

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