Game of bowls

game of bowls is a set of balls derived from the Jeu of Provence. It is the sixth sport in France by the number of bachelors - 367.247 listed players; there exist many national federations affiliated to the international federation: 567.283 bachelors divided in 70 countries to the 31.12.2006, of the Algeria to the Vietnam. For these figures, it is advisable to add the occasional practitioners, on vacation in particular, i.e. several million amateurs.

It is a mainly male sport (only 14% of the bachelors are women in France). Nevertheless, it is one of the rare sports where mixed competitions are organized.

History

The set of balls is as old as the civilization of the leisures, passing from Egypt to Greece and would have been introduced as a Gaulle by the Romans. The balls initially were out of clay, stone, then out of wood and finally out of steel. But, after the “bouleurs” of the Middle Ages, the golden age of the balls in all kinds was certainly the Renaissance where the nobility seizes the play as well as the Bilboquet and the Jeu of palm (which will become the Tennis). For obscure reasons, it would seem that the set of balls was interdict with the people of 1629 with the Revolution.

In 1850, the first official company, “the Jouve Field”, were founded in the area of Lyon then, in 1906, the Fédération Lyons and regional opens the way in 1933 with the National federation of the balls which will become French federation of balls in 1942. Although gathering many sets of balls (“swell of the banks”, “swell out of wood”, “play of Provence”), the BFR was dominated by the play of swell Lyons (128 000 players in 1945), until the beginning of the XXe century.

At the XIXe century, whereas each area, or almost, introduced an alternative of use, the Southerners impassion for long the or Jeu of Provence with simplified rules, the free choice of the ground, but where the gunners take three steps of race to take their dash. It is this elegant and lifting play which Marcel Pagnol describes in his memories of childhood (the time of the loves) and which was integrated in the film the castle of my mother.

In 1904, Alsatian of the name of Felix Rofritsch undertook the manufacture of the first " balls cloutées" (out of wood covered with a carapace of metal, made of nails) in its workshop of the street of Fabres, in Marseilles, under the label of " The Bleue" Ball;.

The Jeu of Provence will give birth in 1907 to game of bowls, at the time of the historical part with Ciotat where a champion of Jeu of Provence, Jules Hugues says “the Black”, not being able more to play its play preferred because of its rheumatisms, was put one day, to trace a round, to send the goal to 5-6 m, and, the “tanqués feet”, to play its balls to approach the jack. This occurred on the ground from balls from a coffee " The ball étoilée" baptized thus in wink with the studded balls of the time whose owners were called Ernest and Joseph Pitiot. The two brothers quickly included/understood the interest of this sport, in particular Ernest which endeavoured to finalize the rules of them. Game of bowls had been born!

It will be necessary nevertheless to await the first official contest with Ciotat in 1910 so that the word is officialized. The term comes from the words of the Occitan Provençal EP " pied" and tanca " pieu" , giving in regional French the expression " to play pétanque" or " feet tanqués" , i.e. with the feet togethers and anchored on the ground, in opposition to the play of Provence where the player can take dash.

The innovations are the following ones:

  • One plays on a shorter ground;
  • the player launches his ball without dash;
  • feet togethers, starting from a circle traced on the ground.
Thus, a generous and humane idea (one thinks of the paralympiques ones!), was going to make the round the world tour, even if its success is probably related to the simplicity of the rules.

The first steel ball would have been manufactured in 1927 with Saint-Bonnet-the-Castle, which shelters now the international Musée game of bowls and balls. The same year, the rules of game of bowls were codified, but it is only in 1930 that the traditional balls out of wooden studded were replaced by those out of steel. It is in Jean Blanc that one owes this evolution, and marks it J.B always exists. In 1955, also the first balls Obut, well-known appear.

The French federation of game of bowls and play of Provence (FFPJP) is born on July 31st 1945 when, strong of its 10.000 members, it can finally leave the section of Provence of the BFR. As for the International federation, it was founded on March 8th 1958 with Marseilles, even if it is in Belgium, with Spa, that its first bases were thrown, one year earlier.

Championships of the world

The Championships of the world of game of bowls were disputed 42 times as Seniors, 11 times of Jeunes category and 10 times of Féminines category since the beginning in Spa (Belgium) in 1959. All the championships proceed in triplettes. France gained 35 times with 68 medals (all confused categories). The Championships of the world of shooting of precision dispute since 2000.

Prize list seniors:

  • 23 times France: 1959,1961,1963,1972,1974,1976,1977,1985,1988,1989,1991 to 1996,1998,2001 to 2007;

  • 4 times Swiss: 1965,1966,1973,1980;
  • 3 times Italy: 1975,1978,1979;
  • 3 times Morocco: 1984,1987,1990;
  • 3 times Tunisia: 1983,1986,1997;
  • 2 times Belgium: 1981,2000;
  • 1 time Algeria: 1964;
  • 1 time Spain: 1971;
  • 1 time Madagascar: 1999;
  • 1 time Monaco: 1982;

The 42es world championships seniors took place with Grenoble, in France from September 20th to 24th 2006, and the France gained final 15 to 3 vis-a-vis the Tunisia

Prize list seniors, shooting of precision:

The 7es world championships of shooting of precision took place with Grenoble, in France from September 20th to 22nd 2006, and Phusa-AD Thaleungklat, Thailand gained over the score from 31 to 31 follow-up by a stopping: 10 to 6 vis-a-vis Nestor Guevara, Argentinian.

The 43es world championships seniors and the 8es world championships of shooting of precision will take place with Pattaya, in Thailand, from September 20th to 24th 2007.

young Prize lists :

The 11es young world championships took place with Suwa, Japan from July 13rd to 15th 2007, and the France gained final 15 to 3 vis-a-vis the Spain.

Young prize lists, shooting of precision:

  • Denmark: 2001
  • Belgium: 2003
  • France: 2005
  • Thailand: 2007

The 4es young world championships of shooting of precision took place with Suwa, Japan from July 13rd to 15th 2007. Sarayoot KAEWPUDPONG, Thailand gained final 29 to 26 vis-a-vis Lorenzo MENDEZ, Spain.

Prize list female:

The 10es world championships female took place with Grenoble, in France from September 20th to 24th 2006, and the Thailand gained final 15 to 7 vis-a-vis the Tunisia

Prize list female, shooting of precision:

  • Spain: 2002
  • Thailand: 2004
  • France: 2006 (Papon Angelica)

The 3es world championships of shooting of precision, female took place with Grenoble, in France from September 20th to 22nd 2006. Angelica Papon, France gained the final over the score from 50 to 36 vis-a-vis Thongsi Thamakord, Thailand.

Equipment

  • Of the metal balls (steel), of a diameter ranging between 70,5 and 80 mm and of a weight between 650 and 800 grams.
  • a ball out of wooden, called goal (or familiarly the jack ), of a diameter ranging between 25 and 35 mm

The balls are soaked, hollow and not ballasted.

Balls of leisure

Intended for the occasional players, they in general have a single weight and a diameter, to agree with the hands and the forces of all ages and sexes.

The weight varies between 600 and 800 grams, and manufacture is governed by STANDARD NF S 52-200.

These balls are prohibited in competition.

Balls of competition

The balls must be approved by the FIPJP. and to answer the following characteristics:
  • To be out of metal
  • To have a diameter ranging between 7,05 cm and 8 cm
  • To have a weight ranging between 650 G and 800 G
  • the mark of manufacturing and the figures corresponding to the weight must be engraved on the balls and readable
  • They should not be faked (ballasted = “stuffed” in the specific language of the players)
The name and/or first name or nickname of the player or his initial can be engraved there.

Choice of the ball

The diameter of the ball is normally function of the size of the hand (to allow a good gripping). However, this diameter has also impacts on the behavior of the ball, and certain players can choose a lower or higher diameter:

  • pointer will choose rather small diameter, which favors the point (density higher, which makes the ball less sensitive to the asperities of the ground at the time of its race on the ground, and which shortens the latter)
  • a gunner will rather choose a large diameter, which favors the shooting (larger section, which gives more chances to touch the ball targets)
  • a medium will choose the diameter rather corresponding to its hand, which offers the best compromise

The choice of the weight is very related to the role of the player:

  • a pointer will choose a “heavy” ball: at least 710 G in general (even reason that for the choice of the diameter)
  • a gunner will choose a “light” ball: to more 690 G in general (that makes it possible to provide a less effort)
  • a medium will choose a ball of median weight: between 690 and 710 G in general, which offers a good compromise

The hardness of the ball influences its behavior, so much so much so that with the shooting: the more one ball is to tighten , the more it absorbs the shocks (while becoming deformed), which offers an advantage to the player:

  • at the point because these balls behave better at the time of the impact with the ground
  • with the shooting where the squares are more (and retreats fewer)
One classically distinguishes three levels from hardness:
  • swell lasts
  • swell half-tender
  • swell to tighten
If the hard balls can be preserved during long years, it does not go from there in the same way for thetender ones and the tender ones, which are damaged with each shock: the tender balls in general hold only one season for a regular use.

Other levels are proposed by certain marks:

  • swell very tender
  • swell +: who offers the behavior of a very tender ball but with a level of wear are equivalent to half-tender a

The striation is a business of taste: a striated ball hangs more in the hand.

The price is also a selection criterion: if the balls of leisure are not very expensive, the price of balls of competition can reach 250 euros. A budget between 50 and 150 euros (according to desired hardness) makes it possible to acquire very good balls of competition, the higher prices must with the use of special stainless steels.

Lastly, it will be necessary to choose the mark according to the types of balls proposed, and if necessary, of personal affinity.

The goal

The goals out of wood of Buis are preferred players of game of bowls, because they are heaviest; as follows:
  • one can better control to launch it goal,
  • the behavior of the goal during a displacement of this one during carries out is more foreseeable and less chaotic than with a goal out of lighter wood.

The goals can be painted, in order to better distinguish them. Let us note that the already painted sold goals are very seldom (never?) out of boxwood.

One can sometimes see goals of minimum diameter (25 mm - traditional goals having a diameter of 30 mm); these goals have the characteristic to be more difficult to draw than the traditional goals. The choice of the goal is thus an element of the strategy to be considered.

Rules of the game

With game of bowls, the objective is to mark points more while placing its balls close to the goal that its adversary.

  • Teams. In this sport, three combinations are possible. The triplette, three against three, the doublette, two against two and the head with head, against one. Any other formula is prohibited by the official payment. In triplette, each player has two balls. In the other configurations, each player has three of them.

  • Distance . In senior category the play must proceed between 6 and 10 meters.
  • the ground . Game of bowls is practiced on all the grounds. Most of the time in competition, of the “executives” (a framework is a ground on which must be held a part) are traced; official dimensions 15 meters length are then for 4 of width, and has minimum of 12 meters out of 3.
  • the circle (of launching) . It is a round, traced on the ground, in which the player must be held to launch his ball. Its diameter lies between 35 and 50 cm.
  • Beginning of the part. The team which gains the drawing lot traces the circle, launches the goal and the first ball.
  • Unfolding. A team launches her balls as long as it has some, and as long as it does not do better than the adversary. When a team takes again the point (a ball of the team is closest to the goal), it is with the opposing team to play, if it still has balls.
  • Calculation. When the whole of the balls are launched, one enters all the balls of a team which are more close to the goal than nearest to the unfavourable balls.
  • Fine of the part. A part is played in 13 points, possibly into 11, for the parts of hens. The finales of the championships of the world proceed in 15 points.
  • null Goal . If the goal left apart from the limits authorized (generally following a shooting) or if it is not visible (hidden by a tree, grass, etc) - except if it is a ball which hides it - or if it floats freely in a water pond, two cases are distinguished. If the two teams still have balls, or if, on the contrary none of both has some more, carries out it is null. If not, the team which still has balls enters as many points as it has balls in hand.

The rules of the game are enacted by the International federation.

Strategy

A team of game of bowls includes/understands:

  • in triplette, a pointer, a medium and a gunner
  • in doublette, a pointer and a gunner
These roles are not intangible: in the course of part, the team can decide to modify the “formation”, in the event of méforme of one of the players. In general, when a ball must be pointed, it is the pointer which plays, if it does not have any more balls, it is the medium, and if the latter does not have any more balls, it is the gunner. When a ball must be drawn, it is the same thing in the inverse order. In certain cases (enough rare), this order is not respected for tactical reasons.

At the point, a ball placed in front of the jack has more value than a ball placed behind at the same distance, because:

  • it obstructs the adversary, which can accidentally push it and thus improve its position,
  • it can be thorough thereafter by a fellow-member to improve his position,
  • a ball placed behind can make it possible the opposing team to carry out a front of ball (see this term in the section “specific Vocabulary”).

It is thus considered that a ball placed in front of the goal, between 0 and 50 cm (indicative, depends on the ground) of distance, is well played.

Let us note that in certain cases, the pointer will not seek to approach more close possible goal; it can:

  • to try to place its ball in position of against (i.e close to ball unfavourable, which endangers the latter if the first ball is drawn),
  • to try to place its ball at some distance from the goal: this tactic can be applied if the opposing team does many squares, like her own team (thus with high level - on the other hand, if the opposing team draws well but without making squares, one will prefer very well to point to tire the gunner, or at least, to make pass his balls): the squares are not then any more one added-value, and if the opposing team decides to point, the team of the first pointer takes the shooting and can mark.

With each stage of the play, after launching of the first ball, the team which does not have the point must decide if it is better to point or draw. Among the factors to be considered:

  • proximity of the unfavourable ball to the goal,
  • difficulty of the ground (it is easier to take again a point to 30 cm on a ground arranged well than on a stony ground),
  • positions of against, or difficulty of the shooting considered (shooting “with jumped”, stuck balls, etc),
  • remaining number of balls in hand in each team, and many balls which “count” (which is well placed) in the play. A bad judgment of this factor can lead a team to be discovered (see “specific Vocabulary”).

The throw of the goal is an element which should not be neglected. Two degrees of freedom are to be exploited as well as possible:

  • the distance: it is often selected according to qualities of the 2 gunners: one will be able to throw it:
* at a distance where the unfavourable gunner is less at ease,
* alternatively with 6 and 10 m in order to “put out of order” the unfavourable gunner if it is good at all distances,
* at a distance which does not penalize the gunner of its team;
  • direction (and outdistances it): it is often selected according to qualities of the 2 pointers:
* certain places can be more difficult to reach according to whether one is left-handed or droitier,
* one will try to privilege his pointer by making so that it has good gives for his blow best control (half-range, range, etc),
* one will preserve a distance where one realizes that his team points better than the opposing team,
* if one is not limited by a framework, one will be able “to change ground”, i.e. to send the jack to a place different from that where one is accustomed to play since the beginning of the part. Often when a team is abused, she seeks to mark to take the goal and “to change ground”, to try to take again the part in hand. Sometimes, several carry out are necessary to arrive at the coveted ground (let us recall that the circle must be traced around the point where was the goal with carries out preceding). They are of course only the general ideas. To the high level, lead them are very often played 10 m, outdistances to which a difference can possibly be done with the shooting.

Specific vocabulary

There exists a vocabulary specific to game of bowls. Who doesn't know the famous one “You draw or you points? ”.

  • Stopper; jack; small; small fireclay cup; gari (into of Provence) : the goal.

  • To point : to launch the ball as much as possible to bring it closer to the goal. The action to point is called the “point” or the “supplement”.
  • To draw : to launch the ball in order to drive out an unfavourable ball. In general, the drawn ball is lost, except in the event of square or of metal disc.

Vocabulary related to the point

  • To have the point : to have a ball (or more) better placed than those of the adversaries.
  • To take again the point : to place a ball while doing better than the adversary which had the point.
  • To make a feeding-bottle, a tadpole : the ball sticks the goal. (or " bibe"). See also " bouchonner".
  • In front of ball : to place itself in front of an unfavourable ball while sticking itself to it. This is awkward for the adversary because in fact balls difficult to draw (most of the time, the ball is in front of remainder in place, and it is the ball which is behind which from goes away).
  • To make a nozzle : to run up against a ball already placed to make deviate his towards the goal.
  • the data or gives It : zone of impact on the ground of the pointed ball. The search for a good data is paramount on difficult grounds.
  • To play in half-range : to point while launching the ball approximately halfway (this distance varying according to the ground and the height to which the ball is sent) between the circle of launching and drank it. It is the auxiliary style most widespread and easiest to realize.
  • To carry , To lead or To send : to point while launching the ball very high, so that it rolls the least possible while falling down on the ground (it is said that one strikes the ball). This auxiliary style requires a very great control. The sending is the action to send.
  • To make slip (or To make roll ): to point while launching the ball enough close rings it of launching. This blow can be advantageous on quite particular grounds, in general smooth and which answer the pricked balls badly.
  • To play a natural ball : To play the ball without him to give effect.
  • To hold (or To tighten ) a ball : at the point, to give a retro effect to the ball, so that it rolls less than one natural played ball (without effect). One says players who control this technique that they play “wrist”. One says those which control it with its maximum that they “block” the ball (because with fallen, the ball like is blocked, since it advances very little).
  • To release the ball : at the point, to play a little more extremely than the normal, either voluntarily, or involuntarily.
  • To prick the ball : to make strike the ground with a rather important angle. The distinction swell pricked/not pricked is done on the blows in half-range: the curve is more out of bell for a pricked ball.
  • To play high, low, with the play : when the ground is laterally leaning (what is very often the case), one distinguishes the top (the side highest) and bottom (the side low). Thus, to play:
* with the play is to exploit the ideal trajectory passing by the jack,
* higher than play is to exploit any trajectory passing higher than the jack,
* low than play is to exploit any trajectory passing low than the jack.
  • To give effect to or To turn a ball : To launch the ball by printing to him an effect of side rotation thanks to a movement of the fingers. Well control, this gesture is of a great utility when:
* a ball is “in full play” (C. - with-D. when it is on the ideal trajectory which makes it possible to achieve the goal): in this case, the pointer sends its ball by side and “brings back it” towards the goal thanks to the printed effect.
* the ground is very difficult and that the data are rare: sometimes the only acceptable data are not “with the play” and the effect is necessary “to bring back” the ball towards the goal.
  • To answer : The answer of a ball is its behavior with fallen, when the player gave him an effect. A ball can answer well if the behavior is that awaited, or badly in the contrary case. As the answer of a ball is in fact due to the ground, one also speaks about answer of the ground (or of a zone of ground).
  • To play (or To return ) a ball : To point in the intention to push a ball of its team which is in front of the goal but which is not rather near to mark (ideally, after the blow, the thorough ball and the played ball mark). All the art of this blow is to proportion the force so that if the ball concerned is missed, the point is taken nevertheless.
  • To make a half-blow : To play the ball stronger than than would require a normal supplement (one says “more extremely than play”) in order to come to run up against balls (or drank it) to move them on a short distance. It is about a blow between the point and the shooting, from where its name. It can be used to separate two stuck balls.
  • To tighten : To point all the remaining balls as well as possible. Most of the time, one tightens when one did not succeed in drawing an unfavourable ball which is very close to the jack. One thus resigns oneself to leave leads it to the adversary, but one prevents it from marking too many points.
  • To make Palouf : (or also: palouffer) is said when a player sends a ball too much short.
  • To play readily: it is, contrary to the palouf, a played ball too extremely.
  • To make a nari (tonic accent on a): to miss its supplement completely.
  • Escamper its balls : to miss its supplements in one completely carries out.
  • To dissociate : if the opposing team does not have any more a ball, where at least a point is already acquired, and where one points “to add” (points), it is to give the point to the adversary (either by driving out the ball (or the balls) of its team who had (A) the point, or in “returning” an unfavourable ball, i.e by pushing it so that it marks). One can also dissociate oneself while drawing.
  • not to play to lose it : when a player manages to take again the point with the adversary whereas the pointing is difficult, it is said that he did not play to lose it.
  • not to throw its ball : to make a success of a useful ball (without inevitably taking the point). On the contrary, it is said that a player threw his ball when he plays a bad blow.
  • Faire a flight (one often hears: “It is flight! ”): when a badly played ball embarks the jack, or involuntarily runs up against a well pointed ball, in short, it is said that there is flight as soon as a badly played ball arrives has to make take again the point with its team.
  • Rétropissette : technique of pointing allowing to free itself from the irregularities of the ground by giving to the ball a retro effect.
  • the point of the English or the ball traps : says itself of a sufficiently bad point so that the opposing team believes capacity to take it again easily, in vain.

Vocabulary related to the shooting

  • To draw with iron : to launch a ball directly on the ball concerned. It is a question in the “traditional” way of drawing.
  • To draw in front of : to launch a ball to 30 cm ( indicative ) maximum in front of the ball concerned. This shooting can be practiced on grounds which “do not jump” not (i.e. where the balls do not rebound after the impact), or by gunners which launch their ball (trajectory or specific effect) so that it rebounds very little.
  • To draw with the raspaille (or the raid), raspailler : opposite of the shooting to iron, the ball rolls before touching the balls concerned. This technique is generally rather badly seen by the purists.
  • To make a square : term employed when there is “shooting with iron”. The ball of shooting launched remains in a maximum ray of 50 cm ( indicative ) around the impact. Three situations are described by narrower terms:
* one carries out a perfect square or a stop when the drawn ball takes the exact place of the target ball,
* one carries out a square lengthened when the drawn ball rolls forwards after the impact on the target ball,
* one carries out a retreat when the drawn ball sets out again behind after the impact on the target ball.
  • To make a metal disc : to draw a ball on the play while drawing “with the raspaille” or in “shooting in front of”: the launched ball remains in a maximum ray of 50 cm ( indicative ) around the impact. Two situations are described by narrower terms:
* one carries out a perfect metal disc or a stop when the drawn ball takes the exact place of the target ball,
* one carries out a metal disc lengthened when the drawn ball rolls forwards after the impact on the target ball.
  • To make a hole : to draw beside the ball concerned (it is a missed shooting).
  • To make a variation : to make a hole while typing too on the left or too on the right.
  • To make a pike : to make an important variation.
  • To make a cap : to strike a ball its “head” (upper part). The target ball remains in its place or moves very little.
  • To do one jumped : to strike a ball which is a few centimetres behind another (without touching the latter): this shooting of course asks for an absolute detail in distance.
  • To make selected a : to strike a ball which is beside an other swell, without dislodging the latter.
  • To draw on the ear : to strike a ball the side, in order to make it leave through.
  • To make a whistle or To make a chisel : to drive out two unfavourable balls in only one shooting. This blow requires to run up against the first ball according to the adequate angle in order to drive out the second by rebound.
  • To kill the dog : to draw a ball from its own team, a nonintentional way.
  • To have against : to draw the good ball, but in such way that this one or the played ball will strike - and dissociate - a ball of its own team. One speaks about position of against when against has a considerable probability to arrive in the event of shooting. One speaks about against dryness when the unfavourable ball runs up against the ball of its own team into full and thus takes its place: this case is obviously very bad for the team of the gunner.
  • To draw the goal (with all the variations of goal ): sometimes, if a team is badly embarked in one carries out it can try to draw the goal to cancel this one. It is said whereas it draws the goal.
  • Fart of old woman : it is about a shooting which is not with the iron, and which is satisfied with effleurer the ball aimed without making it move sufficiently according to the purists (one qualifies perfect fart a fart of old woman who does not allow to take again the point).
  • to be discovered : to draw too much from balls, of kind to expose itself “to take a gross carries out” if the opposing team makes a success of her shootings.
  • To make a tag : to draw the balls from its partner.

Various expressions

  • To embrace Fanny , To make fanny , To be fanny or () To take a fanny : to lose a part on the score from 13 to 0. The team having gained can then prevail itself to have mis a gross mine with her adversaries.
  • To put a fanny : to gain a part on the score from 13 to 0.
  • a bag, case : says itself when 5 are taken or 6 points in one carries out.
  • an handbag : says itself when one takes 4 points in one carries out.
  • a wallet : says itself when one takes 3 points in one carries out.
  • To make the music or To make the song : to try to destabilize the adversary while discussing between the points, either with him, or with its own partners.
  • a bag, case of a : Says itself when a team could have packed a bag, case and finally put only one point. Expression of relief of a team rather badly part.

Generally accepted ideas

For much of people, game of bowls is a play, it is practiced on vacation, in tongs, appraisal by the pensioners, and is accompanied by glass of Pastis.

But it is a true sport, which requires much drive to arrive at the high level. Simply, it is a sport popular, convivial, without counter-indications for health, being able to be practiced at all ages and with a not very expensive material.

Game of bowls at the school

Even if to practice game of bowls within the framework of physical education and sporting can lend to smiling, this sport makes it possible to work of specific competences:
  • the concentration
  • precision of the throw
  • coordination
  • the strategy
  • humor, friendship and sociability
  • the respect

Sometimes, this activity is the single occasion for certain children to be distinguished in the sporting field, in particular for the not very athletic players. It is also a field where boys and girls are on an equal footing.

Internal bonds

  • Sport-balls (swell Lyons)
  • Breton Boule
  • Boule of wood
  • Boulodrome

External bonds

game of bowls|game of bowls
  • world Confederation of the sports of balls (CMSB)
  • International federation of game of bowls and play of Provence (FIPJP)

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