Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser (in Arab جمالعبدالناصر , traditionally transcribed Gamal ʻabd year-Naṣr by the Arabists) (January 15th 1918 with Alexandria - September 28th 1970) was the second president of the Egypt after Mohammed Naguib. It is at the origin of the ideology nassérienne, and can be regarded as one of the largest leaders Arab of the history.

Its youth

This wire of civil servant of the stations was born in Alexandria in 1918. It passed part of its childhood with one of his uncles revolutionist living to the Cairo. At the 16 years age, he was imprisoned afterwards of the street battles between an Egyptian independence movement, El Fatat (Young Egypt) and organizes it. He will become member of this group thereafter.

He was active in Egyptian groups against the foreign domination after having obtained his diploma of the Military academy. He takes part in the Israeli-Arab Guerre of 1948-1949; he will be wounded with the shoulder by a sniper and during several months, at the end of the war he is blocked with his men in the pocket of Faluja in Palestine. When a cease-fire is obtained it is authorized to turn over to Egypt.

He is the great architect of the radio station the voice of the Arabs .

President of the new republic

The lieutenant colonel Nasser founds and becomes the leader of the Mouvement of the free officers. It was a group of young old soldiers in general of less than 35 years, the purpose of which was to reverse the king Farouk. The July 23rd 1952, it leads a military Coup d'etat against the king Farouk I {{er}}, and proclaims the République later one year.

The country is then controlled by a revolutionary council bringing together eleven officers under the orders of Nasser. Nasser which was the Minister of Interior Department was regarded as the true instigator of the coup d'etat. At the beginning of 1954 it stops the leader of the country, the general Mohammed Naguib, by showing it to support the brotherhood of the Muslim brothers. The February 25th he becomes Egyptian the Prime Minister. Two years later he is the only candidate of the presidential elections and thus becomes the second president of Egypt.

Nasser centralizes the Egyptian State, it makes increase the capacities of the president of the republic, it nationalizes industry, proceeds has a land reform, and implements great projects of work public, like the stopping of Aswan.

. While it made a speech, Mahmoud Abd Al-Lative case, one supposed member of the Muslim brothers, drew eight balls towards him. Although short distance all the shootings failed. Nasser continued to speak while saying: Let us let kill them Nasser. It is only one among much. My dear fellow-citizens remain where you are. I did not die. I am alive, and even if I die you all are Gamal Abdel Nasser . This direction of the relevance and the absence of reaction of the bodyguards makes think that was a false attack. It used the national anguish to launch a repression aiming to the eradication of the Muslim brothers.

Crisis of Suez Canal

Nasser, Arab leader

Nasser inspires the nationalists in everyone Arab, and of the parties nasserists dedicated to the Arab unit are quickly created. Nasser becomes the leader of the Arab world, he then represents a new era with the the Middle East.

It pursues a policy panarabe, which supported confrontation between the Arab states and the Western states, asking so that the resources of the Arab world serve the interests of the Arab people and not the interest of the Westerners presented by the state in imperialist .

In 1958 the Egyptian soldiers and Syria NS request from president Nasser fusion between these two countries. Nasser is surprised of this sudden request and accepts fusion. The Syria and Egypt amalgamate to form the United Arab Republic and try to include the Yemen there. The union is dissolved in 1961, the Egyptian bureaucrats and officers had authoritative practices, and the secret police hard repressed the Muslim brothers, and the Syrian Communist party.

Egypt continues to use the name until in 1971. To try to obtain Yemen, of military operations, including the use of chemical weapons, were undertaken in the north of Yemen.

Moreover, Nasser is one of the historical figures of the emergence of the Tiers-Monde, a third political clout vis-a-vis the two blocks which are the Western block and the Soviet block. Nasser is one of the principal interlocutors to the Conférence of Bandung in April 1955, it is presented in the form of one of the leaders of the countries resulting from the Décolonisation. It warns in particular the countries having acquired coldly their independence against a new form of economic colonization that it is by the occident or the Soviet block. One of its great work later will be the nationalization of Suez Canal in order to block this new form of colonization.

Six day old war

Its death and its funeral

Nasser dies of a Heart attack a few weeks after the end of the War of attrition, the September 28th 1970. He dies in 6:15 local time, a few hours after an Arab conference which led to an peace agreement between the Palestinian Jordan and combatants. Five doctors were at its sides, its death will be announced to the people five hours afterwards.

After the advertisement of its death, television diffuses verses of the Coran. The vice president Anouar el-Sadate - its future successor - reads a speech retransmis on television and on all the radios or he declares " Nasser was a leader whose memory will remain immortal in the middle of the Arab nation and all humanity "

Its death was caused by an excessive work, it sometimes happened to him to work more than 18 hours per day, by consuming the same day nearly five cigarette packs. One year before its death he had been hospitalized during nearly six weeks for an influenza. One will learn after his death that he had been hospitalized following an heart attack. Nasser which was diabetic, had already made an heart attack at the time of one of its visits to the Kuwait.

Its funeral took place on October 1st, having nearly five million people. An oath is pronounced on its tomb:

Oath by Gamal, more cherished men, the liberator of the workers, the chief of the fight! Crowned oath, inébranlable. By God and the fatherland, us swearwords which the way of your fight will be our way (...) Us swearwords to work with the power and the unit of the nation arabe.

He was married and had five children (three wire and two girls).

Its heritage

Nassérisme

The heritage left by Nasser is prone to debate in the Arab world. For much of people Nasser was a chief who reformed his country and restores the Arab pride as much inside than outside. Others consider that its policy of exaggerated militarism led Egypt to serious defeats and losses rather than with peace and prosperity. It is clear that its influence on the Middle East of the time is very important. The role which it held at the time of the six day old war, because of enormous losses to the Arab states, and tarnished its image and reduced its prestige in the Arab world. It modernized the Egyptian education system, the most stripped children thus could follow a normal education. It also held a big role in the artistic world, such as arts, the theaters, the films, music industry and the literature. What had an positive impact in Egypt and in everyone Arab.

Stopping of Aswan

The most discussed realization of Nasser is the erection of the Barrage of Aswan and the lake which bears its name in the south of Egypt. Built to provide electricity and to reduce the risings of the Nile it submerged most of the archaeological treasures of the Nubie (except those put at the variation by UNESCO) some say that it is an ecological catastrophe.

References

Random links: