Galician

The Galician is a Romance Langue, near to the Portuguese and spoken in the North-West about the Spain in Galicia (Co-official), in part of the Province of León (comarque of O Bierzo and in part of the Province of Zamora (comarque of Sanabria).

Such an amount of the Galician that Portuguese comes from the same variation of the Latin , the galaïco-Portuguese , born in the Roman province of Gallaecia, which included/understood the territory of the current Galicia, the north of the Portugal and territories bordering in the east. The written language is formed at the 12th century approximately, starting from the spoken language resulting from the Vulgar Latin brought by the Roman conquerors to the 2nd century of the Christian era.

However, there exists current a still minority lusist which currently defends the homogeneity of the linguistic system Galician-Portuguese and recommends a bringing together grammatical and orthographical of what they consider being two versions of the same language.

Official standard of the language

Concept and implementation of a official standardization of the Galician, generated confusion and conflicts in Galicia during these last decades. The statute of the autonomous community of Galicia grants the Galician public authorities any competence to legislate on the matter. November 17th, 1982 the Junte of Galicia (Xunta de Galicia) established the existence of an official standard for the written language. The Law of June 15th, 1983 relating to linguistic standardization posed the Galician Royal Academy ( Real Academia Galega - RAG ) like authority of standardization and relegated the Institut of the Galician Language ( Instituto da Lingua Galega - ILG ) like legal reference. These two institutions represent the two major options of the evolution of the Galician. Crystallized and debates are perhaps not closed. In 2001 a process of Négociation led to the reform of 2003 currently into force. They are the orthographical and syntactic Normes of the Galician language approved on July 12th, 2003 by the RAG.

History

The Galician was a language of culture, including apart from Galicia and of Portugal; thus the king de Castille Alphonse X wise the would have written, the Cantigas de Santa Maria ( Chants of Holy Marie ) in Galician. Galician-Portuguese had an official statute during almost seven centuries, but the Galician nobility chooses the camp of the losers in the conflicts of being able of the end of 13th and the beginning of the 14th century. It was supplanted by a nobility of origin Castilian. The use of the Galician was repressed, and it ceased being used in public that it is in the political arenas, legal, literary or religious until the end of the 19th century, replaced by the Castillan. This period is called the obscure centuries . At the same time, Portuguese continued to develop in the only State of the peninsula not subjected to the domination Castilian (except, temporarily, of 1580 with 1640, during the meeting of the Portuguese crown to the crowns of Spain).

Today, there is almost three million speakers of the Galician, who is official language of the autonomous community of Galicia, at the sides of the Castilian, commun run in all Spain. He is also spoken by important Galician Communauté emigrated in the whole world. But, contrary to what it can appear, the Galician less speaks himself each time among the young people, and there exists a serious risk of disappearance; this is why the government of Galicia east promoting a policy of standardization of the language, to create a model common to all the Galicians.

Events of promotion of the Galician

Every year the “Día das Letras Galegas takes place” (Journée of the Galician Letters), on May 17th, devoted to an author in this language (deceased since at least 10 years, and chosen by the Galician royal Academy). This day is made profitable by the official organizations to encourage the use and the knowledge of the Galician language.

Alphabet

The ortographe of the modern Galician uses the following digraphs which re-press only one phoneme: CH , gu , L , nh , qu and rr the digraph nh represents a phoneme different from the letter ñ.

Examples

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