Gaillon is a common French, located in the department of the the Eure and the area High-Normandy.
Its inhabitants is Gaillonnais.

Geography

  • Gaillon is located in Madrie. The commune is bordered by the the Seine and extends to the wooded slopes bordering the valley.
    Gaillon is to 13 km of the Andelys, to 14 km of Vernon, to 16 km of Louviers, to 18 km of Valley-with-Reuil, 23 km of Évreux and with 41 km of Rouen.

Toponymy

  • Hydrography: the the Seine; brook of Grammont; fountain of the Colony.

  • Wood: wood of Grammont; wood of Rouen; Saint-Paul wood.
  • Hamlets and variations: Angreville; Artaignes; the Alder plantation (firm); the Morice Field; Douaires (firm); Gailloncel; Garenne; the Barns Said; Martin mount; the Dumb woman; Notre-Dame of Garenne; sands; the Valley of Any (firm).
  • Other toponyms: squares; pencils; Cross Gilles Philippe; gardens of Bottom (old park); the Water jug; ravine of the Courtyards (small valley); the Thirty Acres (sand pit).

History

Etymology of the word Gaillon

For Gaillon, first commune of the canton, which especially has a glorious past by its Château, we cannot that us to incline in front of the hard research made by Mr. Roland Roche ( Gaillon through the ages ) which gives a more complete account. The name of Gaillon comes from a small fortress which was built by the Romans on the hillside dominating the valley to contain the future attacks; they named it Castiliorum , Castilio , and thereafter Gaillon. Certain historians give another etymology of the word Gaillon: probably Celtic, of the tribe of Galls which means “extremely”. Others derived from this name “Châlons”, “Walloon”, “Gwallion”, “Gaillon”.

Gaillon… a very rich past

Roman fortress

Without going back to the Préhistoire which however left some traces in our region, it is during the Roman epoch that it is necessary to start to see an appreciable regrouping of populations in the valley and especially on the heights dominating it. Saint-Aubin-on-Gaillon then knew the prosperity, marked by the presence of public baths and temples. With the advent of Christianity, Saint-Aubin was a long time parish mother of Gaillon. However, at the beginning of our era, a Oppidum, Roman fortified camp, had occupied the strategic headland on which, later, the castle will be drawn up proudly, born of the Roman “Castilio”. In 1202, the friendship between two men was going to start the process which made the celebrity of Gaillon. Saint Louis (Louis IX), king of France, had the feudal manor, vestige of old the strong Château, allotted to Cadoc (this same Cadoc at which we must arm with Gaillon). The good king was hardly interested in this property and it is great pleasure which it made with his friend Eudes Rigaud, bishop of Rouen, by yielding to him turns and medieval walls against a rondelette amount of money and menus advantages.

Georges d' Amboise

The bishops followed one another then on the throne of Rouen but in 1453, one of them, Guillaume d' Estouteville, celebrates Norman builder, undertook the construction of what it became suitable to name a Château. In 1494, its successor, future papal legate and Prime Minister of Louis XII, large patron of arts, set on Italy, was going to be the chance of Gaillon.

Georges d' Amboise undertook, between 1502 and 1509, the realization of a palate, one of the first wonders of the Renaissance in France: vast buildings accompanied by galleries and gardens, whose Lydieu is then the pearl. The castle receives in 1508 the visit of the king Louis XII and his wife Anne of Brittany. The successors of the Cardinal of Amboise will endeavor to maintain the castle in the best possible state, bringing even embellishments there. In 1563, Monseigneur de Bourbon founds the chartreuse in the plain of Aubevoye, in logical complement of its palate. Destroyed by a violent one sets fire to in 1764, it was rebuilt and lived as a monastery about the Chartreux until in 1790, to be demolished at the time of its sale with a farmer, in 1834. The poster of this sale was marked: “This field is more beautiful of France”. During these times, the famous visitors followed one another Gaillon: Henri III, Henri IV, Louis XIV, the chancellor Séguier, Monseigneur de Harlay, patron of the letters, author of the Mercure of Gaillon received them royally, accompanied that they were fine flower of the gentlemen of the moment. The son of the minister Colbert, in his turn archbishop, will make embellish the places by the qualified care of Mansart and Ours, while the Cardinal of Rochefoucauld will receive there Benjamin Franklin and Louis XVI.

The Révolution will not save Gaillon whose castle will undergo the extractions of vandals, and will be sold in Bien national. He will know the pickaxe of the demolition contracters. Alexandre Lenoir, conservative of the museum of Small Augustins of Paris, will make go up various parts of the building in the court of the Art schools. The wonder was going to become by the care of Napoleon i a penitentiary, thus signing its forfeiture. The 19th century saw the area upset by resounding businesses shaking the world of the local middle-class: Tournebut business, relating to the Chouannerie Norman and the drama of Jeufosse. In 1840, one paid homage to ashes of the Emperor slipping by the the Seine towards Paris. One accommodated Louis Philippe, but soon, of December 1870 at March 1871, Gaillon underwent the Prussian boot .

Summary of the history of the city in some dates

  • the origins of Gaillon probably go back to the Romans who would have built a small fortress there.
  • 892 : Rollon, chief Viking, Gaillon devastation and its area.
  • 1192 : Philippe Auguste, in his fight against Richard Lion-hearted to reconquer the Normandy, seizes the strong castle of Gaillon.
  • 1262 : The castle is the subject of an exchange between Louis IX and Eudes Rigaud, archbishop of Rouen.
  • 1419 : The city is besieged by the Duc of Clarence, is taken again by French and overcome again. In 1424, the Duc of Bedford orders the demolition of all the fortifications saving only the dwelling of the archbishop.
  • 1497 - 1509: Georges d' Amboise, archbishop of Rouen and minister of Louis XII, built a castle rebirth which will be regarded as “one of the most excellent buildings of France”.
  • 1730 : The news main road of Paris to Rouen crosses the city.
  • 1797 : The castle is sold like Bien national.
  • 1812 : The castle of Gaillon is transformed into house of detention. This prison functions until in 1905 and counts approximately 1500 prisoners.
  • 1840 : Are created the lock of Our-Lady-of-the-Garenne and the railway line Paris - Rouen - Le Havre.
  • 1866 : The colony of Douaires shelters an agricultural establishment of rectification of the minor young delinquents.
  • 1899 : The first hill climb for cars takes place on the coast of Holy-Bores.
  • November 7th 1954: Visit Pierre Mendès France, president of the Council.
  • July 9th 1958: Visit Général de Gaulle, president of the Republic. Inauguration of the exposure " Gardens of the château".
  • October 18th 1988: Inauguration by François Mitterrand, president of the Republic, the statue of Pierre Mendès France.

Administration

Gaillon is Chef-lieu Canton of Gaillon but also of a canton of which it does not form part: the Canton of Gaillon-Countryside.

Demography

Graph of the evolution of the population 1794-1999

Places and monuments

Economy

Famous characters

Tourist monuments and places

  • Collegial Saint-Anthony of the 13th century, destroyed at the 18th century.

  • Saint-Ouen Church of the 18th century.
  • Oratorical Saint-Jean-Baptist of the XVII {{E}} and 19th centuries.
  • Vault of the penal Settlement of second half of the 19th century.
  • Castle of the 10th century altered several times until in 1707.
  • Manor of Aunay of the 17th century.
  • Laundrette of second half of the 18th century.
  • Many old houses.

Twinnings

See too

  • Common of the Eure

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