Gaetano Salvemini

Gaetano Salvemini (born with Molfetta, the November 8th 1873 died with Sorrente the September 6th 1957) is a Historien and Politician Italy N.

Biography

After studies of letters with Florence in 1896, he teaches the medieval history quickly seeming one of the best young people historians. After having taught Latin in a college with Palermo, it obtains at only twenty eight years the pulpit of modern history to the Université of Messine (1901). In 1908, the earthquake destroys its family, it loses his wife, her five children and his sister. He teaches then successively with Pisa and Florence. Among his pupils, one finds Carlo Rosselli, Ernesto Rossi, and Camillo Berneri.

Between 1919 and 1921, he works with the Italian Parlement. Member of the Italian Socialist party, it defends the vote for all and works with the economic raising of Italy of the South, in particular while fighting against corruption.

Its political positions

He adheres to the Italian Socialist party and the current " méridionaliste" , collaborating, since 1897, in the social review Critica . He is an enthusiastic defender of the vote for all and solution with the question of the the Mezzogiorno. He seeks to bring the socialist movement on the positions " méridonialistes" while insisting on the need for a bond between the workmen of north and the peasants of the south, on the need for the abolition of the Protectionism and the tariffs of the state which protect industry and wrong to the consumers and on the need causes for creating small country properties to put an end to the Latifundium.

Salvemini fights the political bad habits and the serious responsibilities for Giovanni Giolitti (ace of the Roman Banque) with " the Minister for the medium " (1910). Within the socialist party, it runs up with the majority current of Filippo Turati on the topics referred to above and then because of the lack of reactions of the party against the war of Libya (1911), it leaves the socialist party then. In December 1911, it gives life to a periodical " Unità " , that it directs until in 1920 while trying to create a new party, the democratic , meridionalist, Socialist at ends of justice and liberal Ligue in the method and against all the privileges.

The First World War

In 1914, it supports positions interventionist, being declared convinced of the need for exceeding anachronistic the imperial Austro-Hungarians and German but towards the end of the war, it expresses its disillusion for the occasion missed of the hope exceeding the competition antipopulaire between the states and in a democratic participation of the people in the decisions of the governments.

The advent of Fascism

Elected official appointed in 1919 at the time of the arrival of the Fascism, it lines up immediately in the camp of the brothers Carlo Rosselli and Nello Rosselli and with Ernesto Rossi, which sees in him them main commun run, all are opposed to Benito Mussolini.

In 1925, Salvemini, the two Rosselli brothers and Nello Traquandi found with Florence the first newspaper clandestine antifascist: " not céder" (" Not Mollare ").

Stopped with Rome by the fascistic police force on June 8th 1925 then judged at the same time as Ernesto Rossi, it profits from an amnesty in August and it takes refuge clandestinely in France.

With Paris, it is joined by the brothers Rosselli and in November 1929, it is one of the founders of the movement " Giustizia E Libertà " , born from the initiative of the brothers democratic Rosselli and other intellectuals among whom Emilio Lussu, Alberto Tarchiani and Alberto Cianca.

" groups; Giustizia E Libertà" are formed in Italy especially in the medium of the students. Many members among whom Ernesto Rossi, Ferruccio Parri, Leone Ginzburg are stopped and condemned to longsufferings of prison.

It leaves in England, where creates for itself a hard polemic with George Bernard Shaw because he is a Socialist gradualist and admiror of Mussolini.

In 1934 it leaves to the the United States, where it teaches the history of Italian civilization to the Université of Harvard and it obtains American nationality in 1940.

The Second world war

During the Second world war Salvemini fights for a policy against the Fascisme, the Communisme, the Cléricalisme and the Italian Monarchie. In 1939, it creates the " Mazzini Society ", with a group of members with " Giustizia E Libertà" , of the republicans and the democratic antifascists among those Lionello Venturi, Giuseppe Antonio Borgese, Randolfo Pacciardi, Michele Cantarella, Aldo Garosci, Carlo Sforza, Alberto Tarchiani and max Ascoli. Their position is contrary with the monarchy and the agreement of Toulouse between Stalinist, socialist Communists and other members of " Giustizia E Libertà'.

For this period, he writes in particular the fascistic Dictatorship in Italy ( The Fascist Dictatorship in Italy , 1928), diplomatic Mussolini (1932), fascistic Terror ( Under the Axe off Fascism , 1936) The Origins off Fascism in Italy , (1940) and Prélude to the Second world war ( Prelude to World War II ).

after the war

He returns to Italy in 1947 and takes again teaching with the Université of Florence. He continues at various levels the political struggle inspired of a vision Laïque of the life, with the aversion against the Dogme S and nebulosities ideological, against the Bureaucratie, the Cléricalisme. He is opposed to the mode Démocrate Christian and with the popular Democratic Face]], expression of the Totalitarisme of left , he supports the need for repealing the Concordat desired by Benito Mussolini, and it defends the public school against the reform reactionary of the governments.

In 1955 it obtains Académie of the Lynxes the Feltrinelli international prize for the history and the diploma " honoris causa" University of Oxford. He dies in 1957.

Random links: