Géostratégie

The géostratégie implies the geography of each State, and its historical and political situation compared to its neighbors, examined by the means of studies Stratégique S.

Its study concerns the Géopolitique, although its point of view is reduced to the military aspects and their consequences on the stake of the Natural resources, frequently object of conflicts of interests.

  • the Government of a State and the definition of its policy depends in a permanent way of the consideration on its geostrategic situation. At this point in time is called upon the Reason of State.

  • the Geography of the adjoining countries and its elements are taken obligatorily into account by the strategists.

    • Quotation and delivers Yves Lacoste : the Geography that is initially used to make the war .
    • pour the terrestrial strategist: the geography influences the potential unfolding of the plane of war, via the River, of the Relief and the presence of collars to pass the mountainous barriers; it is necessary to take care on its Frontière S.
    • pour the admiral: the geography makes it possible to reveal the strategic Détroit S, neuralgic points of application of the naval roads; their control makes it possible to control the naval commercial traffic. The island S are also catches of choice, there to build a strengthened port, or to prevent that the Piraterie does not develop to with it.

  • the military aspects enter in consideration at the time to define the objectives, such as evaluating the military potential of the unfavourable power. As well in quantity, by the contents of its arsenals, as in quality, while trying to obtain the Supremacy by the military Technology, this information obtained in particular by the Secret services makes it possible to measure, and decide passage to the warlike action in the operating rooms, or with the diplomatic action .

Geostrategic situations from the past

  • See the detailed article List of geostrategic situations, in comparison with the List of the wars of the military History ;

in comparison with the History of the Mediterranean, See the detailed article Géostratégie of the Mediterranean basin; -->

  • Stagnation of the Christian Occident : following the failure of the Crusades in Holy Land, its strategy must be reconsidered: See the detailed article geostrategic Situations of the Christian Occident.

Contemporary Géostratégie

  • Fine of the American-Soviet chess-board

    • the redefinition of the geopolitics of contemporary Russia the place like a regional power with redefined goals: to see the article Géostratégie of Russia.

  • the Middle East

    • In addition to the United States in a direct way, the countries of the world arabo-Moslem in particular, had to reconsider to them géostratégie local following the events of the September 11th, 2001. Alexandre Adler traces of it an aspect for each one of them, through two books (see Bibliographie), after having pointed out each historical problems.
    • the discussed influence of Samuel Huntington on the American geostrategic thought concerning this zone of the world can also be quoted.

  • the United States (Advocacy policy)

    • Since the end of the Years 1980, the United States develops a comprehensive strategy aiming at preserving the hegemony of the American armies and the American companies on the world. This strategy is known under the name of Advocacy policy. It is described by Eric Denécé and Claude Revel in the other war of the United States.
    • This strategy is based on a consortium of companies of the sectors of data processing and aeronautics. It applies to the majority of the sectors of the economy, the military sector of course, but also the several other economic sector and energy sector.
    • Today, it also aims at countering the Protocole of Kyoto, by alliance with China, India, Japan, and Australia.
    • There exist scenarios on the cast iron of the ice-barrier of the Arctique, in order to develop the trade by the Arctic Ocean.

  • the control of the risks of Nuclear proliferation, considering the terrorist threats , is directly in relation to the géostratégie.

Géostratégies futurologies

Access to space close to the Earth

In a projected context where the resource would be the access made safe to space, the Air Force Space Command American would have developed a lunar basic construction project permanent to lock with any other nation the access to the space suburbs near to the Earth.
This concerns géostratégie Prospective applied no longer to the terrestrial geography, but to the level of planet itself; this vision refers to that of a neuralgic strait on the naval level. See the detailed article Géostratégie of space -->

Unintermitting exchange and unintermitting peripheral

Another theory was developed by Zbigniew Brzeziński, adviser of Jimmy Carter and member of the National council of safety of the United States: In the large chess-board, this American strategist develops the idea as the world domination is acquired with the control of Eurasia, the most prosperous area and richest of the world, as well by his demography as by his resources. The geopolitical stake for the United States would be to prevent any supremacy of one of its direct competitors and to balance the powers which are the European Union, Russia and China. One can never quote in example the greatest Empire in terms of territorial extension to date made up, the Mongolian Empire of Gengis Khan.

Perpetuation of the access to oil

To see the article of prospective (and retrospective) on the Geopolitical of oil.

Simulations of géostratégie

  • general public:

    • the data-processing play Europa Universalis calls upon for the player of the decisions of type the geostrategic and geopolitical to ensure to become it of a Nation, starting from the Renaissance. It must moreover take account of the historical events and monks which come to modify the data of the play according to the time which it reaches.
    • the series of the plays Civilization and Freeciv lead the player to consider the elements geostrategic, by projecting on a fictitious chart of the world its possibilities of expansion vis-a-vis its adversaries.

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • '' Géostratégie in 30 years '', ratio of 2004 for [[the Ministry for Defense (France)|Minister for defense]

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