Gâvre

Gâvre ( Ar It Breton Havr in ) is a common French, located in the department of Loire-Atlantique and the administrative area Pays of the Loire. Its culminating point is the High Luc with the altitude of 56 Mr.

Its inhabitants is called Gavrais and Gavraises' .

Geography

Surface: 5358 hectares including 4500 of forest and only 958 except forest.

Altitude: the center town is located between 30 and 32 m and the point low are the pond with 24 Mr.

The surface of the commune is occupied to 80% by the Forêt of Gâvre and the constructible grounds rare. The rural district becomes rurbaine. Many inhabitants work with Nantes, Saint-Nazaire even Rennes or Châteaubriant.

History

The origin of the generally allowed name up to now is “country of the goats”, but of the recent studies defend the idea of a name of Gallic origin: Vobero become Vavra/Vaivre into of Provence then Voëvre in language of oil ( v/w was transformed into G ).

The first traces are those of the Romains: thermal baths with Curun on the commune of Blain and see Roman Nantes with Rennes. This way coming from Blain crosses the city of Anglechais and the Low-Luc. Along this way (current main street) were built houses for notable, the Gallo-Roman initially, then ducal and royal civils servant. One knows about nothing the inhabitants who preceded creation by the free city in 1226 per Pierre de Dreux, duke of Brittany, husband of Alix of Brittany. Pierre de Dreux (great-grandson of Louis VI '' the Large ''), known as Mauclerc, gave to the inhabitants of Gâvre rights on the forest to incite with the settlement of what was only one small village, sits of his rest of hunting. Two centuries front, of the monks of White-Crown had created a Léproserie with the place says the Madeleine d' Iff. It remains of this leper-house a vault at the village of the Madeleine (or Magdeleine or Magdelaine).

After the war of succession of Brittany (1341-1364), the winner, Jean de Montfort wanted to give the seigniory of Gâvre to the English captain Chandos. Olivier de Clisson, lord of Blain did not support it. He also had supported Jean de Montfort. It destroyed the castle of Gâvre and builds with the stones the tower of the constable with Blain.

Jean V decided his rebuilding in 1422. He charged his brother Arthur de Richemont, constable of France, companion of Jeanne d' Arc to undertake work. He was rebuilt, surrounded by ponds, and during some time sheltered the dukes of Brittany after their huntings in forest. Francoise d' Amboise, wife of Pierre duke of Brittany had the seigniory in douaire with died of her husband and the advent of Arthur de Richemont like duke.

It remained a few years there to look after her mother Marie de Rieux.

Then, the castle was used as garrison then was sold to a private individual who filled the major part of the ponds.

It fell in ruins and was dismantled at the 19th century.

After the fastening of Brittany to the kingdom of France, the ducal forest became domanial. The inhabitants had on several occasions to fight to make respect the freedoms from tax granted by Pierre de Dreux. These privileges disappeared the night of August 4th. There remains however still of the rights that the municipal council votes each year.

The forest represented until the years 1930, the main part of the resources of the commune. Sabot-makers and loggers, coal etc populated the forest of the Monday to Saturday.

The arrival of the wellingtons signed the decline of the shoes. Today, the forest is maintained by the ONF, wood-cuttings are organized and of the hunts recall the tradition.

Area: attention! It is historical Brittany, therefore to see Histoire of Brittany.

Administration

|- | align=right| 2001 - || Jean-Philippe Combe ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| 1994 - 2001 || Marie-madeleine Beaumal ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| 1971 - 1994 || Jean-Paul Sansouci ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| 1959 - 1971 || Maurice Briand ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| 1934 - 1959 || Marcel Lord of the manor ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| 1929 - 1934 || Henri Lecoq ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| 1928 - 1929 || Pierre Alluçon ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| 1899 - 1928 || Julien Eon ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| 1881 - 1899 || Joseph Heurtevant ||align=" center" | ||

Demography

Places and monuments

House of the Forest of Gâvre - Benoist Museum

House of the Bridge-Quenil : this building, with entry of furnace is the last element of a property of the XVIIe century, located at Gavre, the manor of the Bridge-Quenil, destroyed in 1939.

House of the Bridge-Quenil, " page; To see aussi"

Church Notre-Dame : in the beginning, Pierre de Dreux builds a ducal vault in 1226, of which there remains today only part of chorus. In the middle of XVe, the constable Arthur de Richemont increases of it the nave and makes it surmount by a vault. The chorus is decorated stained glasses which represent events having marked the city of Gâvre. The right-sided of the building is added in 1814 and in 1911, the frontage is altered with the construction of a side bell-tower. The frame is finished by engoulents polychrome representatives of the monsters with open mouth.

Photographs of the Notre-Dame Church, " page; To see aussi"

the vault of Magdeleine : this vault is built at the same time as all the maladreries of Saint-Lazare, whose Marie-madeleine was the sister. The leper-house is entrusted to the abbey of White Crown, itself founded in 1160. It shelters a credence of origin and a polychrome statue of XVe century out of calcareous tender stone representing the virgin of Notre-Dame de Grâce.

Photographs of the vault of Magdeleine, " page; Vaults and Manoirs"

Personalities related to the commune

Jean of Bretesche becomes officer of guard of the forest in 1407.
Janet the Beautiful one is the seneshal of Gâvre in 1409.
Tristan of the moor ensures the harbor office of Gâvre in 1409.
Josias Jarnou and his wife Perrine Moulnier builds in 1648 the house " Benoist" who shelters today the museum and the house of the forest. Opened 14:30 with 18:30 except Monday, from April at November.
Alain of the Mound replaces Rene Rouaud with the harbor office of Gâvre.
Jacques de Thaysen replaces Alain of the Mound to the harbor office of Gâvre.
In 1489 Anne of Brittany yields Gâvre to Louis de Lornay which repurchases it in 1492 after its marriage with the king of France Charles VIII. It gives the usufruct of the forest to Louis de Melon.
In 1492 and 1500, investigations to determine if the claim of Jean de Rohan on Gâvre is justified. Jean de Rohan is débouté.
In 1504 gives the forest to its wine waiter, Thomas d' Estier.
In 1515, François I {{er}} king de France confers the pleasure of Gâvre on Jean de Rohan.
In 1517, the king recovers Gâvre and transmits it to Odet of Castling.
In 1527, the king sells the ground of Gâvre with Anne de Rohan. It repurchases it in 1540.
In 1559, Jean Gourbil is named prosecutor.
Henri III gives the usufruct of the forest to Paul Emile de Fiesque.
Henri IV gives the usufruct of the forest to Antoine de Fiesque.
Paul Mathurin Guilbaud buys the ruins of the castle.
In 1751, François Rene Bernard inherits the castle. It finishes the draining of the ponds.
During the Revolution, it seems that the civil constitution of the clergy and the levy in masse caused the participation of gavrais with the insurection of March 1793. Jean Bricaud and Guillaume Choblet are arrètés. The refractory priest Lecocq belongs to drowned of Carrier. Another Orain priest, would have said the mass to the oak of the mass.
Pierre Benoist, François Bricaud, Guillaume Choblet is members of the authorities (district or court)

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