Furnace

A furnace is a Enceinte closed provided with a system of powerful Chauffage:

  • cooks some it makes it possible to cook food.
  • in a process of Production of object, the furnace allows the treatment by the Chaleur of objects (Poterie S, Céramique S, Verre S, Métaux…).
The principle of operation of the furnace is simple: the object to be treated there is locked up to be subjected to its internal heat. This heat comes from a source of heat appendix with the internal walls of the furnace. Heat inside the furnace can be distributed by Circulation forced Air, by natural Convection, Conduction (transmission of Calorie to the part by transport on rollers Céramique) or by Rayonnement (Infrarouge, Micro-ondes).

The source of energy to provide the heat of the furnace can be:

Furnace of kitchen

Origins

The use of the furnace in the preparation of food probably goes back to the invention of the Poterie and the Pain. The structure of the first furnaces evolved/moved very little until the use of other fuels that the Bois.

A cavity in brick S or Terra cotta contains the hearth, a second cavity located above the first (and possibly closed by a door) contains the object of cooking. Heat is transmitted by the walls in contact with the hearth; a system of circulation air around the internal wall of the higher cavity makes it possible to better distribute heat in the furnace. The use of the refractory brick makes it possible to make énergétiquement the furnace more effective and, to better control like equalizing the variations of its Température intern.

Modern times

Since the time of the Industrial revolution, the furnace becomes gradually equipment to spare increasingly widespread which is used inside the house for the family kitchen. The most widespread types of furnace are the furnace with gas and the electric furnace, of dimension necessary to cook a tart for eight people or a whole chicken with the pin.

Furnaces of pottery

The furnaces in pottery have a design different from the other furnaces.

Combustion is done with reversed flame: the Gaz flarings do not leave by the top the furnace, but by the bottom of the furnace.

This design makes it possible to increase the output, it was a Trade secret Chinese, which enabled them to reach very high temperatures with rudimentary means and fuels with weak Calorific value (wood and not Houille).

The high temperature (of 1  250 with 1  400 °C) is necessary to cook the Porcelaine. The Westerners had to wait the 17th century to reach these temperatures. The Chinese manufactured protoporcelaine (temperature estimated of 1  200 °C) as of the end of the 6th century!

The furnaces of potters also make it possible to control the Atmosphère furnace, in particular the presence or the absence of Oxygène, in the enclosure of the furnace. This presence of oxygen influences the aspect of the enamels, the oxides contained in enamels will remain in the form of Oxyde in the presence of oxygen. If there is no oxygen in the furnace, the oxides will lose their oxygen and, to return to the state Métallique (reduction).

See too

Nds-nl: Noven Simple: Oven

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