Functions of the language

Karl Bühler proposed in 1918 a model by layers of the functions of the language . Karl Popper later (1953) took it for base, insistent on its hierarchical character, and associating a fourth function with the three initial ones:

  1. expressive function or symptomatic ( I am there)

  2. stimulative function or descriptive ( Ici , now , hello )
  3. descriptive function
  4. argumentative function

This model is also known in Linguistique, where it is allotted to Taber and Nida (1969).

Jakobson proposed another diagram, according to the element of the Situation of communication to which relates the stated (recipient, referent, transmitter, channel, statement, code):

  • conative function: the statement tends to cause a reaction at the recipient (“Are keep silent! ”);
  • referential function: the statement relates to the subject for conversation, it describes the world, the environment, the circumstances (“It rains. ”);
  • expressive function: the statement relates to the transmitter (“I feel sad. ”)
  • phatic function: does the statement relate to the channel, which one generally checks that it functions (“Hello? ”, “Listening! ”);
  • poetic function: the statement relates to the statement itself and plays with its form (word order, Euphonie, Littérarité);
  • function Metalinguistics: the statement describes the code employed (“the word word is a common noun”).
A statement is not limited inevitably to a function.

See too

  • DAG

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