Fulbert Youlou

the abbot Fulbert Youlou is a politician of the Congo Brazzaville born in 1917 and deceased in 1972 in Spain.

Biography

After a religious formation, Fulbert Youlou, ordered priest in 1946, had not made speak about him until 1955. It decides this year there, against the orders of its bishop, to present itself to the legislative elections. It will be beaten by Felix Tchikaya. However, Youlou included/understood the party which it can draw from the majority ethnos groups of the south of the Congo Brazzaville (of which the Bakongo), always faithful to the dream matswanist, prophecy founded by André Matswa, said " Grenard" , death in prison in 1942 and which called into question colonialism.

In 1956, it creates the Democratic Union of Defense of the African Interests (UDDIA) and gains one big hit with the municipal elections of November 1956 since it is elected in Brazzaville against Tchicaya. The following year, it is named Ministre for Agriculture in the Opangault government.

In 1958, Jacques Opangault and Youlou support the policy of autonomy of the de Gaulle General under consideration within the framework of the French Communauté. A change of majority at the assembly causes in November 1958, the creation of a provisional government, directed by the abbot. The tribal war which starts in February 1959 with Dolisie, third city of the country, and which goes by effect contagion to gain Point-Black is the prelude to the drafting of a new constitution then of an electoral law which allows both to reinforce the capacity of the Prime Minister.

After having put at the step the matwanists, Youlou constitutes a new government in July 1959. The African Socialist Movement and thus Opangault, amnestied, join it shortly after. The unit of the country is concerned. It will be it now throughout the history of Congo Brazzaville, the ethnos groups of the South and those of North clashing until today for the control of the capacity.

The independence of August 1960 then a new constitution in 1961, increase the capacities of the Head of the State (which is one applicant with 97% of the votes to the elections of March 1961). Regarded as " modéré" , Youlou applies a policy then very anticommunist and antimusulmane.

Its attempt to found a mode of sole party in 1963 is not long in starting its popularity. At once afterwards, a General strike which paralyzes the country transforms then into popular riot. These “ the Three Glorious ” lead to the capacity Alphonse Massamba-Debate while Youlou is placed under house arrest.

In March 1965, it however succeeds in escaping and taking refuge in Spain where it dies in 1972.

Bonds

an analysis on the centrifugal ethnic forces of Congo Brazzaville since its creation

Sources

Encyclopedia Universalis , edition of 1977. Biographical notes.

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