Fructuoso Will rivet

Fructuoso Rivera Toscana (born with Montevideo the October 17th 1784 - died with Mello the January 13rd 1854) was there a Militaire and Politique Uruguay in. It took part in many independence fights and was the first president of constitutionally elected Uruguay. He is also the founder of the Parti Colorado.

Childhood

The parents of Fructuoso Rivera was Pablo Hilarión Peratán of Rivera, an emigrant of the Spanish province of Cordoue and Andrea Toscano, a Argentine of Buenos Aires. They held a vast property located on banks of the Torrent Miguelete , near to the town of Montevideo. It is there that it was born and that it grows, it took part in work of the property, mainly of the guard of the herds of Bétail of the department of Durazno which belonged to his/her father, for this reason it was a riding good and which it knew very well the area.

A military man

First engagements

At the beginning of the independence cause, i.e. as of the Grito de Asencio of the February 27th 1811, it was in the troops of Jose Gervasio Artigas and took part in the catch of the city of Stuck the April 20th same year. A little later his/her Felix brother joined them and they took part in the Bataille of Mow Piedras, it is this day there that Fructuoso became an important collaborator for Artigas.

It took part in all the engagements against the Spaniards initially and against the Portuguese then and his principal brilliant deed was the victory of the Bataille of Guayabos, the January 10th 1815 when it beat Manuel Dorrego and its troops of the central capacity of Buenos Aires. And until March 1820, it fought with an small group of man to the manner of the Guérilla by badgering the Portuguese at the same time in the campaigns with Cerrito and Casavalle (close relations of Montevideo) but also in the places most moved back with the country in the zones with Chapicuy or with the Rivière Queguay . It is at the time of the one of these attack, in March 1820 that it was beaten with the combat known as of the three trees ( el combate of Very árboles ). It succeeds in making an agreement with the Portuguese and remained in the army initially of the Portuguese then the Brazilian ones when they took their independence.

It is as at that time as it met and that it married Bernardina Fragoso.

Second fight

But when the Eastern Treinta Tres leads there by Juan Antonio Lavalleja and Manuel Oribe arrived at Monzón the April 29th 1825, Rivera did not make fight its soldiers and probably entered the movement by conviction even if he writes with his wife with San Jose the May 2nd that in such circumstances, it was preferable to be joined the patriots. This event is known as being “the embrace of Monzón” ( el abrazo del Monzón ).
He was an important protagonist as of the beginning of the engagements since that he currently gained a victory with the Bataille of Rincón (the zone named the “corner of hens” ( Rincón of mow gallinas ) over the territory of the Río Negro) and that he took part as a large strategist in the Bataille of Sarandí the October 12th, battles which means the expulsion of the Brazilian troops on the territory uruguayen.
Following dissensions with Lavalleja, it did not take part in the Bataille of Ituzaingó but then carried out its own countryside in the territory of Misiones under Brazilian control, countryside which played a considerable part for the renouncement of the Brazilian emperor Pierre I {{er}} of Uruguyan Brazil of the territories and so that it accepts the Preliminary Convention of Peace the August 28th 1828.

A politician

First government

Lavalleja was the undeniable hero of the war against the Brazilian ones, but it is mentioned in the peace treaty that the government must be acceptable for the Brazilian Empire. Before the preliminary works of the Constitution are finished, isolated Lavalleja feeling tried to seize the power the June 14th 1825 with the congress of Florida ; but with the assistance of Brazilian, Rivera put it in failure.

The legislative General meeting voted the October 24th 1830 to proceed to the election of the first constitutional President of Uruguay ; 35 legislators, 26 deputies and 9 senators were present. The general Fructuoso Rivera obtained 27 votes, the general Juan Antonio Lavalleja 5 votes, Gabriel Antonio Pereira 2 votes and Joaquín Suárez 1 only voice. The November 6th, Rivera became the first president of Uruguay and the November 11th, it named its cabinet, in which appeared at the beginning neither Manuel Oribe nor Juan Antonio Lavalleja. Thereafter, it named all the same Oribe Minister for the War and the Navy.

The first problem to which it had to face was the lack of effectiveness of the State on the level of the Public administration. It was necessary to create organizations, to allot functions, to delegate responsibilities, to increase the number of people having received a formation to deal with the tasks of the government. Secondly, the new State was to pay great attention to its international relations. It was necessary to specify and fix the borders - mainly those with Brazil - and to establish definitively independence by a treaty replacing the preliminary Convention of peace. In third place, the State was born already with dettes.
The military chief ( caudillo ) was not a statesman and did not include/understand the problems of administration. Its only force was still the personal bonds which it had with the people compétentes ; this is why it gave up the real capacity of the State between the hands of the “ docteurs ”. In their turn, those tried to establish an official organization by means of formal resources (laws and decrees), but the real country escaped the will completely from Will rivet because it missed political clout to be essential. The result was a disorder and a slowness in the administrative organization of the incipient State.

It is probable that it was Rivera which was the direct person in charge of the massacre perpetrated towards the last Charrúa S - approximately 500 - which lived Uruguay and it was his/her brother Bernabé Rivera who directed the operations.

The opponent and the second mandate

Initially, it helped Manuel Oribe to arrive at the capacity on March 1st 1835 while being the second chair constitutionally elected, but very quickly this last set up a commission to study the expenditure made by Rivera which did not accept it. As of 1836, helped by the Brazilian ones, it tried to reverse Oribe but it was demolishes by Oribe and Lavalleja helped by the Argentinian ones with the Bataille of Carpintería the September 19th of the same year. It is as into 1836 as the political parties of Uruguay were created. The left National (then named Left White ) Oribe and the Parti Colorado (or Left Red) Will rivet and the competition of the two camps changed of hatred quickly very importante.
In June 1838, the forces of Will rivet managed to beat those of Oribe, this last had to be exiled towards Buenos Aires.

During the second mandate (mandate of the 3rd constitutionally elected president) which lasted of March 1st 1839 at March 1st 1843 (of the November 11th 1838 at March 1st 1839, it formed a provisional government). It controlled same manner and always without Oribe and Lavalleja. The latter were combined to reverse Rivera. In 1939, Rivera declared the war with the Argentinian dictator Juan Manuel of Rosas by having the support of the emigrants French (who brought troops on the spot) and Argentinian. But the French found an agreement with Rosas and decided to make leave their troops the zone of the Río of Plata in 1840, leaving Montevideo vulnerable to the forces of Oribe and its ally argentin.
During three years, the place of the fight was on the territory of Argentina. Oribe and Blancos was combined with the federalists of Argentina, whereas Rivera and Colorados were in favor of the Central capacity and the Unit Parti.
In 1842 Oribe demolished Rivera and later, the February 16th 1843, began the head office of Montevideo, then controlled by Colorados.

The Great War and Triumvirate

As of the beginning of the Great War, on March 1st 1843, following the elections which were not accepted, Joaquín Suárez (a member of Colorados) set up the government “of Defense” installed in Montevideo whereas Oribe declared it president of the government of Cerrito (the small hill) which was located beside Capitale.
Since it had been exiled towards the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rivera was rather apart from this war of which it was with Oribe and lavalleja the main cause since it is their competition which burst at this time there. The war finished in 1952 but the tension between the two parties did not fall down for as much and one can say that it was strong until in 1904.

He was recalled to the country in 1853 since he was member of the integral Triumvirat Venancio Flores, Juan Antonio Lavalleja and itself. He started to control the September 25th this year but Lavalleja died one month later the October 22nd and he even died the January 13rd 1854 in the ranch of Bartolo Silva on the edge of the torrent Conventos near to the town of Mello whereas he was on a journey.

Heritage

Of Will rivet, the country has mainly the memory of a soldier and large strategist who had fought at the sides of Jose Artigas and of Juan Antonio Lavalleja and always does not think of his political career less importante.
In memory of Will rivet, a department and a city bears its name.

External bonds

Courte biography
Long biography
museum of the house of Will rivet

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