Friedrich von Schiller

Johann Christoph Friedrich (von) Schiller (November 10th 1759, Marbach amndt Neckar - May 9th 1805, Weimar) is a Poète and German writer .

Biography

Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller was born in 1759 with Marbach amndt Neckar, of a military mother in the armies of the Wurtemberg. A few years later, towards 1765 its family settles with Lorch and remains there until 1780. Although it passes its childhood and its youth in a certain poverty, it collects the attention of the duke of Württemberg, Karl Eugen, which proposes to him to integrate the establishment that it founded, Karlsschule. In 1773, Schiller starts to study the right then as from 1775 medicine.

In 1780, he writes his Diplomarbeit (memory of end of studies) and becomes army medical officer with Stuttgart. In 1781, it publishes Die Räuber anonymously. In 1782, Schiller is found in detention a few days with Asperg due to unauthorized distance. It had gone to attend Mannheim with the representation of its part Die Räuber without authorization.

In 1783, he works as librarian and obtains a contract until 1785 like poet of theater in Mannheim. During a few years, he often moves (Leipzig, Dresden, Weimar) and meets for the first time Goethe in 1788. At the end of this year, it takes down a place of professor of history and philosophy with Iéna where it settles the following year. He writes historical works. He sympathizes then with another famous character of his time: Wilhelm von Humboldt .

In 1790, he marries Charlotte von Lengenfeld. In 1791, he becomes boarder of prince Frederic-Christian of Augustenbourg. In 1794, Goethe pushes it to write for satirical journalism. In 1792, France of the French revolution gives him the French citizenship, following its many writings against the tyrants. In 1799, it goes back to Weimar where Goethe convinces it to write new plays.

It takes with Goethe the direction of the theater of the large-ducal Court which is placed very quickly at the point of the German theatrical scene, allowing a rebirth of the dramatic kind. Schiller remains in Weimar until its death. In 1802, it is anobli: the particle “von” is added to its name. He dies three years later, at the 45 years age, of a pulmonary degeneration.

Since 1934, the Université of Iéna bears the name of Friedrich-Schiller. Several maconnic cabins honor its memory.

Place in the literary History

The problems that the work of Schiller treats, which they are political, ethical or quite simply esthetics, contributed in a major way to advanced ideas at the end of the 18th century. More still than Goethe, it influenced the German Romantisme.

Schiller wanted, in the last years of its life, to equip Germany with a " classicisme" that she had not known. It translated Phèdre of Racine for Weimar, and borrowed dramatic methods from the Greek tragedy.

From where this double statute of traditional and romantic, and its central place in the German and European literature.

Among the large admirors of Schiller, let us quote initially Dostoïevski, but also Beethoven, Giuseppe Verdi, Thomas Mann.

Works

Fiction

Poetry

the Evening (1776)
the Conqueror (1777)
Reduced on the death of a teenager (1780)
Ode with the joy ( Ode year die Freude ) (1785) sung in the fourth movement of the Ninth Symphony of Beethoven ( " Anthem with the joie" )
the Gods of Greece (1789)
the Artists (1789)
the buckled Image of Know (1795)
Ballades (1797)
Xénies (written with Goethe) (1797)
Words of the illusion (1799) speaking about the Right, Happiness and the Truth
Cassandre (1802)

Theater

the Brigands ( Die Räuber ) (1781)
Conspiracy of Fiesque of Genoa ( Die Verschwörung of Fiesco zu Genua ) (1782)
Cabal and Amour (also Intrigue and Amour ), Kabale und Liebe - Ein bürgerliches Trauerspiel (1783)
Gift Carlos (1787) which inspired the opera of Giuseppe Verdi
the Almanac of the Muses ( Musenalmanach ) (1797)
Wallenstein (1799)
Marie Stuart ( Maria Stuart ) (1800)
the Maid of Orleans ( Die Jungfrau von Orleans ) (1801) (quotation: " Against stupidity the gods themselves fight in vain. ")
Been engaged of Messine ( Die Braut von Messina ) (1803)
Guillaume Tell ( Wilhelm Such ) (1804) which inspired the opera of Rossini

translations

Phèdre of Root

Iphigénie in Aulis of Euripide
Macbeth of Shakespeare (in 1800)

Accounts

the Criminal by infamy (1786)

Tests

On the relations of the bestial nature of the man with his mental nature (1777)
On the grace and dignity (1793)
On naive and sentimental poetry (1795)
On the esthetic education of the man (1795)
On epic and dramatic poetry , written with Goethe (1797)

History

History of the revolt which detached the Netherlands of the Spanish domination (1788)
Histoire of war the Thirty Year old (1790)

Correspondence

Letters with Körner, Guillaume de Humboldt, Goethe, etc

See too

Internal bonds

Germanic Literature
Sturm und Drang and Classicism of Weimar: literary movements to which Schiller belonged
the Hours

External bonds

complete Works of French Schiller
2005 “Schiller year”
Schiller multimedial

Simple: Friedrich Schiller

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