See also: Jacobi
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi , born with Dusseldorf the January 25th 1743 and died in Munich the March 10th 1819, is a Philosophe and German writer .
Jacobi took note of works of Charles Bonnet and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. His/her older brother Johann Georg Jacobi presented to him Christoph Martin Wieland with which it published as from 1773 the review Der Teutsche Merkur . He also maintained the friendly relations with Frans Hemsterhuis, Johann Georg Hamann, Johann Gottfried von Herder, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
The remarks where Lessing acknowledges being a disciple of Spinoza led Jacobi to study in-depth this author. The result of this reflection was that philosophy, when she undertakes to know or prove the infinite one by means of a finished understanding, necessarily leads to reduce the divine one to something of finished. This is why it is necessary to give up the rationalist project to prove the existence of God; the philosophical will to remain attached to rationalism could on the contrary lead only to the Mécanisme, the Fatalisme and the Athéisme (as it is the case at Spinoza). These are these reflections that Jacobi developed in particular in its correspondence with Moses Mendelssohn, which caused to cause an renewed interest for the philosophy of Spinoza in the years which followed.
There however exists according to Jacobi a type of certainty which does not need rational proof: it is of the belief or the faith. This one is thus the highest authority of which any knowledge proceeds - that it is sensitive or suprasensible. This authority is indicated by the term of Vernunft (“reason”) included/understood like intuitive faculty, and this in opposition to the Verstand (“understanding”) included/understood like discursive faculty to know. Jacobi was regarded thus by no means as an irrationalist, but it held on the contrary its concept of certainty of the belief for something of strictly rational.
Jacobi contributed finally important shares in the field of the economic thinking, where it is inspired in particular by the work of Adam Smith. He is regarded as the first thinker German Libéral.
Its principal philosophical works are:
Jacobi is also the author of the famous novel Woldemar , in which it fought the morals of the personal interest.
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