Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein
Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein (April 24th 1870 - October 16th 1948) was a German Général and member of the German military mission sent in support for the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. Its title Freiherr corresponds to that of Baron .
Kress von Kressenstein belonged to the military mission sent in Turkey and directed by Otto Liman von Sanders. This mission arrived at Constantinople in December 1913.
It rejoit the army of Djemal Pasha in Palestine as a military engineer then as chief of Staff. The chief Ismail Enver had given to Djemal Pasha the order to capture the Suez Canal. The first offensive took place in January 1915. Kress von Kressenstein had the responsibility for the realization of boats bridges intended to allow the crossing of the channel in order to cross the desert of the the Sinai. The Turkish forces, confronted with the British was obliged to beat a retreat after two days of combat. Let us bridge of Kress von Kressenstein were never used.
More than one year was passed before the Turks do not try a second attack on the channel. With Djemal Pasha with the orders of the operation since Damas, Kress von Kressenstein again carried out an Othoman army through the desert of the Sinai. The attack related to the fortifications of Romani, with approximately 40 kilometers in the East of the channel. The Othoman army launched the attack the August 3rd 1916 (see battles of Romani). The attack was pushed back and Turkish withdrew itself again in their Palestinian bases.
Following a counter-attack, the British troops took possession of several strong Turkish in the Sinai, built a railway line and an aqueduct through the desert, and launched an attack on the strong Othoman of Gaza, whose defense had been entrusted to Kress von Kressenstein and to the general Tala Bey. The British attack was pushed back at the time of the first battle of Gaza, in March 1917 and of the second battle of Gaza, in April 1917. If the first British defeat is ascribable with their own errors, the second is mainly due to the skill of Kress von Kressenstein.
The general Allenby was named with the head of the British troops while the Othomans named the general von Falkenhayn. Kress von Kressenstein was preserved, with the head of the eighth Turkish army, assigned to the defense of Gaza and was decorated with the highest distinction Prussia, the For the Merit.
In November 1917, the forces of Allenby crushed the Othoman defensive positions at the time of the battle of Beersheba and the third battle of Gaza]]. Kress von Kressenstein succeeds in folding up its troops in North under relatively good conditions.
Semi-1918, whereas alliance Germano-Othoman was surbedded, Kress von Kressenstein was sent in mission in Georgia in order to ensure its protection after its independence. It took part in it to oppose the invasion of the Abkhazie by the Red Army .
It took its retirement of soldier in 1929 and died in Munich in 1948.
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