Friedrich Ebert
Friedrich Ebert , born with Heidelberg the February 4th 1871 and died in Berlin the February 28th 1925, was the first President of Reich under the Weimar Republic after the fall of Guillaume II in 1918.
Friedrich Ebert was born from a father dressmaker. Apprentice-harness-maker with Wesel, then employed of a stud farm with Mannheim, it discovers soon the misery of the Prolétariat. He engages syndicalement and becomes member of SPD in 1889. He is writer with Bremen in 1893 and appointed with the Reichstag in 1912.
Successor of August Bebel with the head of SPD in 1913, it directs the party - until there Marxiste - towards the center. At the beginning of the First World War, it belongs to the majority of SPD favorable to the vote of the appropriations of war. He is opposed however to the policy of annexation. He directs the exclusion of the militants of the SPD opposed to the war (of which Hugo Haase and Rosa Luxemburg), which creates USPD in 1917. In January 1918, it tries to be used as mediator in the strike of the workmen of Berlin and to avoid the overflows.
The November 9th 1918, at the beginning of the Revolution of November, the last imperial chancellor leaves him the government. With the Conseil of the police chiefs of the people, which it directs, it makes in kind stop the revolution and found elections for an National Assembly, with an aim of setting up a representative democracy. The November 10th 1918, it signs a pact with the top-ranking executives of the army to reinstall the order in the campaigns. This pact is regarded as a treason by the workmen and the revolutionists because it resulted in to turn over militia and the " Freikorps " against risings. Its policy of repression, which makes many deaths, involves the rupture with the police chiefs of the people of USPD, who resign in December 1918. In January 1919, its government represses the revolt Spartakiste and orders the assassination of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.
The National Assembly of Weimar elects it President of Reich the February 11th 1919. He wants to be president for all the layers of the population. The October 24th 1922, it is re-elected with a vast majority by the Reichstag, the deputies having given up organizing elections by the vote for all because of the not very sure political situation.
The increasingly strong right-wing opposition calumny and propagates rumors unceasingly about it. It must finally defend vis-a-vis the complaint of high treason due to its participation in the strike of the workmen of Berlin. At the time of the lawsuit, in December 1924, the writer was certainly judged for slandering, but the reproach of high treason was not unobtrusive. He dies the February 28th 1925 of the continuations of a Appendicite not taken into account in the haste of the lawsuit.
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