Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher

Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (Breslau, November 21st 1768 - Berlin, February 12th 1834), German theologist protesting and philosopher.

Biography

Wire of a military chaplain protesting, it makes initially its studies in a school belonging to the Moravian Frères. Very quickly, the Enseignement which it receives does not satisfy it any more, and it then obtains his father the permission to enter to the Université of Market, in the past pietist, from now on high place of the rationalist current with teachers like Friedrich August Wolf or Johann Solomon Semler. Schleiermacher continues there studies of Théologie and Exégèse. It reads Plato, Aristote, Spinoza, Kant, Fichte and Jacobi.

At the end of its studies with Market, he becomes tutor in an aristocratic family then, in 1796, chaplain of the Hôpital of the Charity of Berlin. He supplements his knowledge in interesting with arts, sciences and the literature. He is deeply influenced by the German Romantisme, in particular by Schlegel, which is his/her friend. From this period of intellectual enrichment the Discours come on the religion (1799) and the Monologs (1800). In 1802, it becomes Pasteur in a town of Poméranie, before obtaining a pulpit with Halle in 1807. In 1807, it moves with Berlin, where it becomes in 1809 Pasteur of the church of the Trinity. Lastly, in 1810, whereas Wilhelm von Humboldt has just founded its university, it obtains a pulpit of theology there. Until the end of its life, in 1834, it will carry out face pastoral activity of Enseignement and .

Theology

Schleiermacher introduced into its Discours the idea that the doctrines are not a truth revealed by God, but the formulation made by men of the conscience that they have of God. For him, the religious feeling is neither to know nor morals, but the intuitive and immediate conscience of infinite with respect to which the man has an absolute dependence. It is what one could call “supranaturalist” a mystic. Schleiermacher is thus at the origin of the theology of the feeling which was in the middle of an important polemic which saw it to clash with the doctrines hégélienne August 1st

Hermeneutics

Schleiermacher is the true founder of the modern Herméneutique.

Works

  • Of the Religion. Speech with the people cultivated among its mépriseurs (1795. new French transl. by Bernard Reymond. Paris, Van Dieren Editor, 2004)
  • Dialectical. For a logic of the truth (Paris, the Stag, 2004)
  • Esthetic. All the men are artists (Paris, the Stag, 2004)
  • Éthique. The “draft over the ethics” of 1805-1806 (Paris, the Stag, 2004)
  • Hermeneutics. For a logic of the individual speech (Paris, the Stag, 1987)
  • Introductions to the Dialogs of Plato (1804-1828) - Lessons of history of philosophy (1819-1823) . Followed texts of Friedrich Schlegel relative to Plato (Paris, the Stag, 2004)
  • the Statute of theology. Short talk (Paris, the Stag, 1994)

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