Fresnes (the Valley-of-Marne)

Geography

Fresnes is a city of the southern suburbs of Paris. It is crossed by the Bièvre which runs there again with the free air since 2001. The communes bordering are Antony in the west, the Haÿ-the-Pinks in north, Chevilly-Larue in the east, Rungis and Wissous in the south.

Administration

If the archaeological excavations, by updating a necropolis mérovingienne, attest the presence of human groups on the territory of the current commune as of VIIIe century, it is only in XIIe century that the name of Fresnes (fraxinum = ash) appears for the first time in the texts: the legal and legal existence of the possessions of the seigniory is mentioned in the cartulaire abbey of Longpont; Fresnes set up enparoisse, becomes in XIIIe century, Sanctus Elipius deFraxinis, attached to the senior of Linas.

February 21st, 1153, an apostolic letter of the pope Eugene III with the priory of Our-Lady-of-Longpont confirms the dîme. At the request of the lord of Fresnes, the Saint-Eloi church is set up, halfway between the seigniory of Fresnes, Tourvoie and Berny, bellow of the arable lands.

It is only in XVe century that the written sources make it possible to determine the life of this parish made up of some fires (60 inhabitants in 1458). The lords of Fresnes, Berny and Tourvoie, families of members of Parliament for the majority, follow one another. Philippe de Connaye " lord of Fresnes and Montereau" , adviser of Roy in his Council of State and deprived and ambassador of Roy in Venice are buried in Fresnes in 1610 and the tumulary flagstone carrying its epitaph is preserved in the chorus of the Saint-Eloi church.

The history of the seigniory of Fresnes and Berny is, throughout XVIe century, related to the history of the family Brûlart, lord of Berny close to Fresnes, at the origin of the construction and the refitting of the castle of Berny entrusted to François Mansart.

Pomponne de Belièvre In 1646, the grounds and the castle of Berny are yielded to Pomponne de Bellièvre, govern the Parliament of Paris and ambassador of the king. Hundred years after, in 1745, the manor house of Tourvoie is bought by Louis de Bourbon to place there his friend, the dancer Elisabeth Leduc. The seigniories, properties and castle, are then acquired by the abbots of Saint-Germain-of-Meadows which divide the goods, confiscated in 1790. The day before the Revolution, the inhabitants form a village community of approximately 260 " âmes" and exploit arable lands, wood, vines, meadows and meadows of a surface equal to that of the commune of today, approximately 358 hectares. The farmer of the seigniory, co-signatory of the book of the complaints, remains, before the Revolution and after, the central figure of this community.

The transformations post-revolutionists attach Fresnes to the department of Paris, district of Borough-the Equality (Borough-the-Queen), canton of Choisy-the-King. The municipality is organized.

The years which follow bring only little of changes: the activities remain agricultural, the craft industry (manufactures tiles, brickyards) and the careers constitute the only nonagricultural activities. The village is articulated around the principal main street: in the center, the church and the town hall, some ways and feel lead to the fields and the vines. The road royal-imperial, known as also road of Versailles-Choisy, is the only axis which serves other localities.

The Main street in 1905 (current Street Maurice Ténine) Some middle-class residences are added to the houses and the farms of the main street, but local topography changes little, even if, in 1834, the Parisian ones entichent racecourse of Berny, limited today by the RN 186 and the Pasteur boulevard. There, sixty years during, short the “steeplechase”. The end of the century marks nevertheless a turning: priority is given to laic teaching. In the same building will be gathered the town hall, the school and the post office. The library functions there in one of the rooms and, in June 1900, the mayor, Auguste Daix, inaugurates the village hall. The built field (10 hectares out of the 341 of the total surface area) progresses along the road of Versailles. In its turn, the roadway system is organized: the roads leading to Antony then in Paris by the Haÿ-the-Pinks are created.

The only big event for becoming it of this commune is, in 1875, the decision of creation of the prisons, inaugurated in 1898, decision which will modify and déstructurer the local life and the history, increasing the number of inhabitants and transforming mentalities. Strategic because “with crossroads”, Fresnes belongs to the “elected cities”. In 1898, the prison accommodates its first prisoners. The latter, sometimes followed downtown by their family, become Fresnois: the population increases and passes to 2379 inhabitants.

Agricultural workers in the Twenties In addition the aspect even of the urban landscape changes little in first half of the XXe century. The built field represents ten hectares out of the 341 hectares. The houses 125 are next to a score of workshops of craftsmen and nine farms. It is only in the years 1930, with the application of the law Loucheur which the first allotments appear which transform the village structure and precede the city. The population passes from 3.688 inhabitants in 1926 to 6023 in 1936.

During the Second world war, a certain number of Fresnois undergo the deportation and the death, of which Doctor Maurice Ténine, city council man, shot like hostage with Châteaubriant.

Rue Maurice Ténine about 1948-49 The old rural borough is transformed little by little into commune of suburbs as from the years 1950-1955; the artisano-industrial activities disappear, the urban push is accompanied by the development of equipment cultural, sporting, administrative and school. With leaving the war, in Paris, the families pile up in tiny residences with exorbitant rents. In suburbs, the agricultural pieces are sold: it is necessary to rebuild. Architects as Le Corbusier imagine a social habitat intended to accommodate the greatest number while remaining convivial. A movement taken again per many project superintendents as to Fresnes, Red-headed Marcel and Charles Thomas. The residences will multiply during nearly 10 years: Tourvoie (1955), Valley-of-beaver, the Flowered Hillock (1957), the Field Garenne, the Poplar plantation, the Gemini (1960), the Valley with the Foxes (1963) or Fresnaie (1967).

The town hall and the place of the Church in the Sixties The school facilities and sporting develop. Between 1955 and the Seventies, school complexes (THESE and colleges), sportsmen (gymnasium, tennis, bowling pitch.), social (cribs, dispensary) or cultural (MJC, public library, conservatory of music) in turn are created, built or rehabilitated. The church Our-Lady-of-the-Thank you is built in 1960.

Efforts are made to prevent that Fresnes does not become a dormitory town. The commercial equipment develops.

The city is equipped of cultural structures (Academy of visual arts in 1976, outdoor center in 1978). The green areas develop in their turn, and the creation of the ZAC of the Cherry orchard (Zone of industrial activities and commercial) supports the economic evolution.

In 1985, the ZAC Sand pit-Ténine then Saint-Eloi gather residences and trade. The cover of A86 dissimulates the traffic under green areas, and decreases the harmful effects. In 1992, the footbridge of the Beaver, long 80 meters finally makes it possible to join together the two parts of the city. In 1999, the library is inaugurated, and its radiation extends on all the department.

Since 2001, the municipal council engaged the restoration of the district in the north of the city while launching the realization of the ZAC Charcot - Zola with the opening of public equipment: cribs, neighborhood house, residences.

In 2006, the Municipal Center of Health is transferred in buildings remade to nine, and is inaugurated with the aim of offer a better reception and the best dealt with of the patients.

Buildings and Monuments

the Ferme of Cottinville is an old body of farm which belonged to the seigniory of Fresnes of XIIe century to the Revolution. It shelters a écomusée, the national school of music, and the theater of the Dimière Barn.

The Saint-Éloi Church, in the center town, is partly of the end of XIIe century. It was restored in 1953.

the Château of Berny located between Fresnes and Antony was refitted by Mansart in 1623. There remain only vestiges today about it.
the prison of Fresnes is one of most important of France.

Teaching

The city counts 6 nursery schools, 6 elementary schools and 3 colleges.

The College Frederic Mistral has one of best rates of success of the Valley-of-Marne with 98,5% of success to the Scientific Baccalaureat in 2005.

Transport

Fresnes is with 12 kilometers of the center of Paris.

By the road:

By the highways A6 and A86 left Fresnes.
N20 since the door Orleans to the crossroads of Croix-de-Berny, then Fresnes direction centers ville.

In public transport:

since the Door of Orleans - Stop “Town hall of Fresnes”
since the Door of Italy - Stop “Town hall of Fresnes”
until Villejuif-Louis Aragon then - Stop “Town hall of Fresnes”
until Croix-de-Berny then - Stop “Small Fresnes” or - Stop “Town hall of Fresnes”.
until Choisy-the-King then - Stop “Small Fresnes”.
until Way of Antony.

By the airs:

Airport of Orly: ''' Orlyval ''' until Antony then.
Airport Roissy-Charles-of-Gaulle: until Croix-de-Berny then

the city is served since July 21st, 2007 by the the Trans-Valley-of-Marne ().

Media:

Personalities

M.J.C of Fresnes is famous to have seen the formation of the group Tryo.

the prison of Fresnes, one of the largest French prisons :

Built in 1898, the prison of Fresnes east with Fleury-Mérogis and Paris-the-Health, one of the three great penal establishments of the Paris region and also one of most important of France. Of a capacity of 1.444 places, it accommodated 1.641 people held at June 28th, 2005.

Art and Culture

Official site of the MJC of Fresnes: activities, the current events (films, concerts, spectacles)
Site of the municipal biblothèque

Sport

, AAS FRESNES
APF, Friendly of the Plungers Fresnois
Club of excursion of the MJC of Fresnes

Cities, residences

the field Garenne
the poplar plantation
the 32
the pit with the wolves
carpet felts
the lutece
the valley with the foxes
Roof and joy
the sand pit
the anemones
the Gemini
peace
Lutèce 2
Corsair
Jean Moulin
Groux
Low-Madnesses
Tourvoies

See too

External bonds

Official site of Fresnes

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