French presidential campaign of 2007

* principal Article: French presidential Election of 2007

Précampagne

Jacques Chirac

The Sunday March 11th 2007, Jacques Chirac announces that it " will not request the votes for new a mandat".

In will a discussion with Michel Drucker diffused on February 11th, 2007 in an emission on his wife, Jacques Chirac, to the question “What you make the day when you will leave the Elysium, which it is in a few months or five years? ”, had answered that “there is a life after the policy, there is a life until death”. Certain observers had already seen an index there owing to the fact that Chirac would not represent himself.

Nicolas Hulot

The presenter of television Nicolas Hulot gave up the January 22nd presenting himself to the presidential election. Since the summer 2006, it did not draw aside the idea to be candidate to give fresh impulse to the current ecologist. Its strategy was to let plane the threat of a candidate without label but popular, per hour when many parties, PS, UMP, FN, antilibéraux, try to gather and to gather the “small parts” around one only candidature to avoid an elimination as of the first turn; Nicolas Hulot, while presenting himself would have thus diverted certain possibly decisive voters. He thus could make sign his ecological Pacte with fifteen potential candidates whose principal ones are:

Nicolas Hulot does not support officially any candidate, but remains active in the presidential campaign, in particular through the ecological Pacte.

Ségolène Royal, the candidate of the PS

Ségolène Royal was indicated official candidate of the PS by 60,60  % of the 178  000 socialist militants the November 16th 2006 and invested with the Reciprocity the November 26th.

Plain or divided line?

According to an Observant IPSOS-New survey, 58% of the French find that the media grant a too important place to Nicolas Sarkozy. 63% of the French think that the journalists are not independent vis-a-vis the pressures of the political parties.

However, if it is true that Nicolas Sarkozy is the only candidate of UMP, it is not the only candidate right-wing moderate. Out the extreme line and the center, there is ten candidates on the right. They consider that the four preceding right governments in France did not have the results until one could wait, forgetting the real principles founders of the right-hand side. They are minority, even eccentric, and are often far from having the 500 signatures of essential elected officials to continue the countryside after March 16th. Nevertheless, it is useful to know this discrete insurrection of many fractions line moderated to include/understand at which point the election remains open.

Nicolas Sarkozy, the candidate of UMP

Nicolas Sarkozy is the candidate of the UMP. He was the only candidate with the nomination of his party, and was officially voted by plebiscite the January 14th 2007 with 98,1% of the votes cast (69,06% of participation)

Michele Alliot-Marie had announced, the December 27th 2006, in an interview with the newspaper Southern West , which it would not aspire to the nomination of UMP but that it thought of a candidature except party. Finally, the January 12th, after a discussion with Nicolas Sarkozy with the seat of UMP, it decides not to be presented to the presidential election, and to join in Nicolas Sarkozy.

Nicolas Dupont-Aignan

Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, ex-member of the UMP where it was characterized by a posture gaullist with vocation social democrat souverainist and , announced its candidature the October 15th 2005.

Initially, it did not exclude to take part in the internal procedure of nomination the candidate who will be supported by his old party. Then it ravisa, considering that these “primary educations” would not grant an equitable place to the competitors of the president of UMP, Nicolas Sarkozy. He announced consequently his intention to present himself to the presidential election without the nomination of the party but with the support of his characteristic running, Debout the Republic. He decided besides to leave UMP saturdays January 13rd 2007, the day before the nomination announced of Nicolas Sarkozy, after being itself considering refusing a speaking time to the one of the congresses of this party.

After having declared on its blog, by a note dated December 11th, 2006, that it already laid out of 300 promises of signature, it announced in the newspaper Aujourd'hui in France of December 31st that it missed from now on only 150 signatures out of the 500 necessary ones to its presence with the first turn.

Edouard Fillias

Candidate of the party Alternate Liberal which as its name indicates it is liberal. Its program envisages the radical easing of the labor regulation, the disappearance of the statute of the public office and, according to him, the national companies must be yielded to investors responsible for their strategy and their results. It withdrew on March 13rd and with fact knowledge since it would not give of call to vote.

Philippe de Villiers

Philippe de Villiers positions initially like the candidate against political Europe and " the Islamization of France". He affirms his great difference and his real dissension with Nicolas Sarkozy on the European Constitution, which would wish according to him to make vote a mini European Constitution by the Parliament next June. He asks also the preparation of the exit of France of the euro and declares himself against the homosexual marriage. He stated for his wishes into 2007 “to make France what he did in the Vendée”, thus wishing “France of SME”.

Candidates having obtained 500 sponsorships

See also: French pr%C3%A9sidentielle Election of 2007#Candidats, Candidates with the French presidential election of 2007

The candidates having obtained the 500 parainnages are:

Topics of countryside

Financing of the countryside

The aspects of financing of the campaigns play a very important part in the political life.

Thus, it is recognized that the proliferation of the small candidates has as a leading cause the existence, on the one hand, of an advance on the lump sum refund their expenditure of countryside of an amount of 153.000 euros, and, on the other hand, refunding, on a purely contractual basis, expenditure exposed in the account of countryside to height of twentieth of the ceiling, is 808.300 euros for any candidate, whatever the number of voices collected at the time of the election.

The threshold of the 5% of votes cast is extremely important: it makes pass the ceiling of financing of the State to 50% of the ceiling of expenditure, i.e. the maximum amount of the lump sum refund passes to 8,083 million euros, for a candidate eliminated with the first turn.

Lastly, the campaigns can be financed only by contributions of natural persons, with a ceiling of 4.600 euros per anybody.

The candidates can however profit from contributions in kind or out of money from declared political parties, without any limit. That can encourage certain candidates to create a political party ad hoc to prepare their countryside. It is what did for example Ségolène Royal with the creation of “Désirs with a future”, association recorded like political party.

The Party of the Workers, only, fights against the financing of the parties and the campaigns of the candidates by the tax, but this financing is forced to be recognized legal party.

Topics of countryside

Synthetically to summarize the position of each candidate on the complex topics evoked below is a difficult exercise which should be done only with largest of objectivities. We thank by advance the reader for taking a minimum of retreat compared to some of the passages which follow.

Social protection and Retirement

The differences between the receipts and the expenditure of the whole of the modes of social protection, creating a debt and a fall of the level of the considerable offer of care, require answers to the height of this humanistic and financial stake.

The lengthening of the lifespan, the massive departure with the retirement of the babies-boomers of the post-war period, an insufficient birth rate as well as the later entry of the young people in the working life should make reform of the retirements one of the stakes major of the presidential election of 2007.

The conjugation of these factors indeed threatens balance of the general scheme by distribution, this one in the long term having to be supplemented by a mode of retirement by capitalization.

Education

Nicolas Sarkozy is opposed to the Report card because it estimates that it does not fill any more its objective of social diversity. He proposes in the place to grant autonomy to the establishments, and to let the parents choose freely their establishment while obliging those to hold a certain number of places to the pupils of underprivileged mediums.

Francois Bayrou makes education her " priority absolue". It is for its part is favorable to an easing of the Report card, but against its abandonment.

In January 2006, with Angers, Ségolène Royal proposed, not publicly, a reform of the attendance time in the establishments for the teachers of the college: to allow the teachers to work inside the establishment out of their hours of course and this in order to improve extra teaching, afi. A video of this declaration circulated on Internet during the socialist investiture campaign, before being mentioned in the media traditional. She also decided for the looseness of the report card, the ideal being according to her her suppression.

Gerard Schivardi has wanted the reopening of the whole of the schools and classes, colleges, colleges closed for fifteen years, and the absolute respect of the report card. He decides for the secularity of the instruction, the public money at the public school, in the same way for the universities and research. He decides for the national diplomas recognized by the collective agreements.

Economy, taxation, and national debt

Exit of the negative difference between receipts and public expenditure, the national debt did not cease increasing during the thirty last years to reach today more than 1100 billion euros. The only interests of the national debt represent 40 billion per annum, that is to say rising similar to that of the income tax of the whole of the French.

The reduction of this national debt is one of the keys of the economic future in the long run; this stake should be present in the current presidential campaign.

Francois Bayrou wishes to register in the Constitution prohibition to present a budget in imbalance of operation.

Rather than to be opposed to the Stock option S, Nicolas Sarkozy wishes to make a tool for wage profit-sharing of it by extending their applications to all the employees. It wishes the suppression of the death taxes for the small ones and average inheritances, but is opposed to the suppression of the STF. He in addition proposes to modify the Tax shield and to put a ceiling to the whole of the taxes with 50  % of the incomes of a taxpayer (against 60  % currently). To make the French economy more competitive, he thinks that “it is necessary to envisage to carry our research effort and development to 3  % of GDP, is 15 billion euros including 4 billion for the public power”.

In the economic field , Ségolène Royal explains in the Echoes to favor a news gives economic (“a good deal ”) combining economic performance and social justice.

It considers, inter alia, to found an inciting tax statute for the investments in research, the innovation and the environment. She is also not opposed to easings concerted on labor regulation (modulation of the working time, 35 hours, etc) provided that the TDCI remains a reference and that new safety measures are found to compensate for a greater flexibility. She is posed like objective to reduce the deficits by an economic policy favorable to the growth, but also to reduce the government's rate of expenditure (to avoid the wastings, to eliminate the doubled blooms, etc).

To reduce the Labor costs (caused by the loads according to it), it proposes to transfer the contributions disease and family on the taxation. Lastly, she decides for an increase in SMIC and insists on the fact that nobody must be paid anything to make.

Ségolène Royal (as Nicolas Sarkozy) moreover is opposed to the independence of the ECB (European Central bank) in the control of its mission. She indeed stated to want that “the European Central bank is subjected to political decisions ”.

This position thus goes against the Traité of Maastricht, which had been submitted by referendum to the French people in 1992, and which expect that, if the mission of the ECB is well dictated to him by the States of Eurogroupe, the control of its mission is done in an independent way. There Ségolène Royal echoes the positions of certain opponents to the project of Traité establishing a Constitution for Europe.

In the tax field, François Holland revealed series of measure which would be taken in the event of victory of the candidate to the presidential election of 2007. Are in particular envisaged a rise of the income tax on the last sections of the scale, the suppression of the Tax shield as well as the creation of a new contribution to finance the retirements (kind of “CSG - retirement”) paid by the companies and the employees.

Gerard Schivardi decides for a very strong public sector, by restoring and reinforcing all the national public services, by nationalizing the key sectors of the economy and industry, vectors measurements of full employment according to him. He decides for a distribution of the income taxes, with the detriment of great fortunes. He wants the stop of the various forms of various subsidies and exemption of the private companies, 50 billion annually, considering that the public money can go only to the public services and companies. In particular he asks the restitution of the 175 billion Euros of exemptions, with the profit of the private companies and this since 1992, of national insurance contributions.

Particularly, Gerard Schivardi decides for the nationalization of all the banks, and the rupture with Central Bank Européenne, giving up the Euro to return to a national currency, thus it would cancel the national debt thus recovering the 40 Billion Euros poured annually in interests, considering that the people well sufficiently paid some the shareholders and with the pension funds.

Work

Nicolas Sarkozy and Francois Bayrou denounce all the two too strong loads and respectively recommend the exemption and the lightening of the loads on the Overtime. Francois Bayrou asks also for an exemption from charges of the companies which create jobs and a generalization of the universal work contract at unlimited duration, adaptable according to the branches of industry.

In the trade-union field Nicolas Sarkozy decides so that in the event of conflict in the eight days is organized a vote of paid with secret bulletin. Nicolas Sarkozy, Jean-Paul Guen, Romdane Ferdjani, Sylvain Pear tree and Edouard Fillias want to also modify the legislation of the Right to strike so in particular instituting a Minimum service in public transport.

Many right-wing candidates preach, as for them, the telecommuting.

Ségolène Royal considers that the 35 hours were a progress for a majority of employees, but a regression for others. The second chapter of the book published on its Internet site, entitled the disorders of work , develops this idea, being inspired in particular by work of the Republic of the ideas which contradicted any bond with Ségolène Royal.

Gerard Schivardi wants to come to the full employment by the economic measures announced higher, and by new carrying projects, possibly in co-operations Bi or multilateral, Européenne mainly. He preaches the strict return to the freedom of negotiation of the law of 1950, and, is against the obligatory unionization. He is for 35 hours in the same conditions as the 39 hours before, denouncing the Aubry laws over the 35 hours like a tool of flexibilisation, of surexpolitation, making it possible amongst other things not to pay in overtime a great number of hours. He would entirely restore the labor regulation.

Public office

Nicolas Sarkozy, Jean-Paul Guen, Romdane Ferdjani, Sylvain Pear tree and Edouard Fillias are in favor of alignment on the general scheme of the special diets from which certain civils servant profit. Sarkozy in addition wishes to reduce their number by replacing only one civil servant out of two leaving to the retirement. Some other right-wing candidates straightforwardly wish to put a term at civil service by widening the Code of Work to him such as it is applied in the private one for the employees. Gerard Schivardi intends to fully restore all the statutes of the civils servant of State in parallel with the re-establishment of all the institutions, services and companies public.

Immigration

Nicolas Sarkozy is favorable to the vote of the foreigners in regular situation to the municipal elections, in the condition however that their country of origin grants this same right to the French expatriates who are installed there (“principle of reciprocity” such as it is applied in other European countries). He intends to make this proposal his, but refuses that it is registered in the program of UMP.

He commits himself maintaining family gathering, under condition of resources: the person making come from the members of her family then having to prove that it can provide them a housing and “decent” living conditions (this provision besides was installation in 2006).

He affirms his opposition to the “massive” regularizations, showing them to cause “in-drafts” and to encourage the illegal immigration and the traffic of human beings. It also wishes that a Minister for immigration be named. In the television program At Fog , diffused the January 21st 2007, it declares favorable to the Freedom of movement of the people between the countries, by evoking the departure of France of Johnny Halliday for tax reasons: “We are in universalization: each one can settle where he wants, it is universalization, it is the modern world, it does not have there more borders, it does not have more barracks, each one there has the right to settle where it wants. ”

Ségolène Royal is in agreement with the official positions of the Socialist party on the questions of immigration. It is thus favorable to the administrative devices of integration and naturalization of the immigrant people made legally or clandestinely on the national territory.

She decides against the principle even “selected immigration” wanted by Nicolas Sarkozy, estimating “unbearable” that France “will plunder the grey matter of these countries after having plundered during years and years their raw materials as colonized country” and preaches codéveloppement Pays in the process of development.

Gerard Schivardi refuses any discrimination: he regards any foreigner working on the French soil as being a French worker, and whom must have exactly the same rights, since he has the same duties, from the republican great principle of equality in right. He is thus for the regularization of all the workers without paper and their family. He particularly denounced the contractors not declaring their employees and paying them misérablement, amongst other things in the sector of the BTP.

Foreign politics and Europe

Considering it regrettable that the relations between France and the the United States “suffer from too many incomprehension caused by a lack of dialog and sometimes by a hair insincerely”, Sarkozy wishes to rebuild the relation between these two countries “to raise of the common world challenges”. But of other right-wing candidates, such as Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, consider that the partnership with the United States should not be also exacerbated.

At the time of a voyage to the United States, Sarkozy affirms himself to trust of her friendship for this country even if he recognizes that it is worth to him in France of “criticisms substantial”. Although officially opposed to the invasion of Iraq in 2003, he criticizes the position of France at the Safety advice of UNO, speaking about “arrogance” and judging that “it is not adapted to try to embarrass an ally or to give the impression to make fun of its difficulties”.

Here certain standpoint of Ségolène Royal, the August 20th 2006, with Frangy-in-Bresse, in connection with the foreign politics:

She criticizes the unobtrusive foreign politics of France whereas she is member of the Safety advice and that its geography and its history put it in contact with Africa, Asia and the Middle East, from which come certainly from the threats, but also of solids friendships. She says to be ashamed of the international classification of France as regards development assistance, with the 18th rank on 21 country. She denounces, without quoting country, that part of this help would go to not very democratic countries. She is ironical about the performance of France concerning the sales of weapons to the dictatorships.

Europe
Francois Bayrou is favorable to a simplification of the project of Traité establishing a Constitution for Europe and to a new referendum for her approval.

Nicolas Sarkozy also envisages this simplication of the treaty, but his adoption by ratification of the National Assembly.

The socialist project envisages to propose the development of a short text aiming at better organizing, democratizing and responsabiliser the European authorities. This text, once negotiated, would be subjected to a popular referendum.

Yves Salesse, Jose Bove and the others présidentiables of the Gauche antilibérale wishes to propose another less liberal Europe. Gerard Schivardi particularly, is characterized by his will very clearly marked from total rupture, not with Europe, but against all the institutions of the European Union.

Francois Bayrou, just like Nicolas Sarkozy and Philippe de Villiers (which is antieuropeist), is opposed to the entry of the Turkey in Europe. Nicolas Sarkozy thus declared: “Turkey is in minor Asia, not in Europe, its place is not in the European Union. Europe, it is made for the European States”.

Ségolène Royal declared at the time of its press conference to the National Assembly, the October 11th 2006, which it would line up in the opinion of the French.

The Middle East
Concerning the “war against terrorism” declared by the the United States, Ségolène Royal does not estimate that the preventive wars worsen more the problems than they claim to treat, than it does not have any more but George W. Bush there to think than the world is surer since the occupation of the Iraq and than the conflict with the Lebanon has just confirmed the experiment of the impotence of the force. It qualifies “simplistic” theory of the Axe of the Evil advanced by George W. Bush and regards the fear as a bad adviser.

In addition she is opposed so that the Iran develops, even for a civil and energy use, a nuclear capacity, alleging that Iran does not conform at the requests of inspection of its sites and that in fact it loses straight guaranteed by the Traité nuclear non-proliferation.

A polemic, to which certain members of UMP contribute, was born following its passage with the Lebanon beginning December 2006 where after a conversation with the deputy of the Hezbollah Ali Ammar, she says not to have heard that this one made a parallel between the State of Israel and the Nazisme.

This version is confirmed by the ambassador of France in Lebanon, which profited from the same translation as it, different from that of the journalists.

At the time of a press conference in Jerusalem, she declares in connection with the “partition wall”: “When it is necessary for safety, I believe that indeed a construction is undoubtedly justified. Still it is necessary that the things are made in a good agreement and that in particular the problem of the layout of this wall can be solved. ” Criticisms also relate to other points approached at the time of the voyage. Pierre Lellouche point thus following contradiction: it defends the overflight by Israel of Lebanon to the reason which “these overflights are related to the defense of the safety of Israel”, after to have condemned them a few hours earlier at the time of its passage to Beirut: “I believe that the overflights must cease because it is at the same time the interest of Israel and the interest of Lebanon. It is necessary to respect the mandate of UNO, the mandate of Finul and thus it is necessary that these overflights cease. ” It also notes its proposal for an International Conference on Lebanon while at the same time such a conference is already envisaged the January 24th 2006 (on the initiative of Jacques Chirac) and its plea for the resumption of the economic aid to the Palestinians although this one in fact is already renewed (and in increase over the previous year).

Quebec
Questioned the January 22nd 2007 by a journalist of Radio operator Canada with leaving a discussion with Andre Boisclair, chief of the Left Québécois, Ségolène Royal said to have in common with its interlocutor the values of “sovereignty and the freedom of Quebec”. This declaration causes a sharp polemic in France as with the Canada where the members of the UMP denounce a skid of the socialist candidate in the field of the foreign politics.

The president of the socialist group to the National Assembly, Jean-Marc Ayrault, affirms the following day that Ségolène Royal had not decided for the independence of the Quebec.

Internal security

In connection with the Delinquency, Nicolas Sarkozy declares: “I will reform the ordinance of 1945, and I will ask that for a minor recidivist between 16 and 18 years, the excuse of minority be automatically removed, it must be condemned as if it were major. ”. It wishes the introduction of sorrow floor for the delinquents multirecidivists and the creation of “specialized establishments for the prisoners having psychiatric problems”.

In June 2006, Ségolène Royal reveals certain solutions that it plans “to dry up the source of the delinquency”. It surprises until in its camp by a speech of firmness, in particular proposing to place “in a service at military framing at humane vocation or to teach to a trade” the minors of more than 16 years as of “the first act of delinquency”. At the time of the countryside for the socialist investiture with the autumn 2006 she insists on the fact that all the alternatives to the prison must be developed and that humane camps framed by soldiers can make it possible a juvenile delinquent “to reconquer the regard of oneself”. She recognizes however that all will not be able to benefit from it for material reasons.

She also evokes the “setting under supervision of the family benefits to the first act of incivility of the child” for “responsabiliser” the parents and proposes the creation of “schools of parents” where would be held to go the parents of children having made repeated incivilities. Lastly, she proposes the creation of “tutors of colleges” which would make it possible certain classes to be framed by two adults.

She declares in addition that she wishes the amnesty of the Faucheurs volunteers of GMO.

Gerard Schivardi declared that by giving a true work to the young people, a housing, the essential one of the minor delinquency would be eliminated. He is for the strict return to the ordinance of 1945.

Ecology

The topic of ecology returned in force in the electoral campaign via the ecological pact of Nicolas Hulot. This one threatening to present itself if he were not heard. This pact comprises 5 flagship measures:

1. A vice First-minister in charge of sustainable development 2. To found a tax carbon in regular growth 3. To reorientate the agricultural grants towards an agriculture of quality 4. To systematize the procedures of participative democracy 5. To set up a great policy of education and sensitizing

The surveys allotted to him up to 11% of the votes, but in front of the number of candidates having finally agreed to sign its pact it withdraws its candidature on January 22nd, 2007. January 31st, 10 of the signatories came to reiterate their engagement, at the time of an oral examination and in front of a floor of journalist. The withdrawal of Nicolas Hulot, in addition was not used for the candidates ecologists, Corinne Lepage, and Dominique Voynet always with low in the surveys.

15 potential candidates (Francois Bayrou, Leila Bouachera, Marie-George Buffet, Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, France Gamerre, Jean-Marc Governatori, Jean-Michel Jardry, Corinne Lepage, Nicolas Miguet, Rachid Nekkaz, Jean-Christophe Parisot, Ségolène Royal, Nicolas Sarkozy, Dominique Voynet, Antoine Waechter) signed the ecological Pacte of Nicolas Hulot.

The set of themes of ecology is especially approached within the framework of the Climate warming and the emissions of gases with greenhouse effect. The debates around GMO, or of the new engine EPR were also evoked.

February 26th, 2007, alliance for planet, composed of several associations ecologists (whose Greenpeace, WWF, or the Foundation Nicolas Hulot) noted the programmes of certain parties under the angle of the environment. At the head arrive the parties ecologists (Cape 21 for Corinne Lepage, and the Greens for Dominique Voynet) with 16,5/20, followed PS with 13/20, then: UDF and PCF (9/20), UMP (8,5/20), LCR (8/20), MPF (Philippe de Villiers, 7/20), and finally the FN and LO (5/20)

With regard to ecology, Nicolas Sarkozy wishes to use the taxation to defend the environment. He thus preaches the doubling over 5 years of the taxation on the Pollution, and contrary for the private individuals and companies a tax credit to encourage the ecological investments: “It is nevertheless extravagant which to buy a car which pollutes less, that is more expensive than to buy a car which pollutes! ”.

It in addition wishes the formation of a great Department of the Environment which would deal with functions dispersed in other ministries: management of water, transport, energy. To discourage road transport, it wishes setting-up of royalty for trucks foreign crossing France, which “would be assigned to the financing of the great infrastructures which we need, to develop the TGV, the Piggyback traffic and the river transport”.

Finally with the international scales, it is in favor of the creation of an international agency of the environment and a right of the environment to avoid the “ecological Dumping”.

Company

Ségolène Royal is not favorable to a de-penalization of the Cannabis which would be, according to it, “a signal which would consist in standardizing the use of the Drogue”. As for the question of the legalization of the Prostitution (on the German model), she says herself against what she calls “the sale of the bodies” and which she considers contrary with the international charter of the Human rights.

She moreover estimated than “the marriage, it is a middle-class institution”.

Ségolène Royal wants to make defense of the women her major priority and declares thus that “the first law which will be deposited on the desk of the National Assembly if I am elected will be a law against the violence made to the women”. She in the past highly criticized the pornography, publicity and in 2003 the port of the string: “To the eyes of the boys, the string reduces the young girls to their posterior After, one is astonished that the teenagers are victims of contacts or sexual violences”.

After being itself opposite with the Homosexual marriage, Ségolène Royal declares in June 2006 in the magazine Têtu that it would apply the program of the Socialist party which includes/understands the marriage of the of the same couples sex and their right to the adoption in the event of socialist victory.

The celebrations and mémorielles laws in favors of the oppressed minorities were a subject of very strong polemics in the company particularly in 2005 and 2006, and which however is occulted by the assertions on both sides on the nation.

Secularity

The societal debates have been very marked for a few year by the return of the laic question that it is for the company as for the institutions.
The first major top of this return had been the behavior of the Commission Stasi, following the pressures on the company of religious behavior problems, like the port of the veil at the school, then his report submitted to the President of the Republic which then made vote the law on " signs of religious and political affiliation in the scolaires" establishments;.

The discussion on the treaty for a constitution for the European Union showed the place dominating of the Churches in the institutional discussion and the principles constitutive of the European Union, amongst other things the Principe of subsidiarity, but especially raising the question of the major transformation of secularity to the Frenchwoman, in the direction of a new legal settlement in fact, via the supremacy of the laws of the European Union about that of the French Republic.

In the same direction will to support the communities of all kinds, those religious being dominating, as well by the Nicolas Sarkozy, Minister of Interior Department as by some in the Socialist party or with the extreme left.

In 2005 the various celebrations of the centenary of the law of Separation of the Church and the State in 1905 made it possible to look further into the debate and in Nicolas Sarkozy to consider a major grooming of this law, supported by the Machelon report/ratio considering a greater flexibility in the financing of the worships by the public authorities. Although this topic seems in withdrawal in the electoral campaign, it does not remain about it less than some like Gerard Schivardi, in the tradition of the left of 1789 ask to return to the strict application of the law of 1905, cleaned of all the amendment aillant it weakened according to him. He affirms contrary to Nicolas Sarkozy that authentic secularity wants that the practice of the belief remains an private affair, that the State must respect without repressing it nor to support it, and within the framework of the institutions, of which the school, money public at the public school

Institutions

Ségolène Royal decided for the not-office plurality of the mandates (envisaged in the project of the Socialist party) and by preoccupation with “a coherence” it decided not to present its candidature for the renewal of its mandate of deputy of Two-Sevres which it cumulates with the presidency of the district council of Poitou-Charentes since 2004.

Invited by Arnaud Montebourg the August 20th 2006 with Frangy-in-Bresse, it decides for a new republic and the division of the capacity currently concentrated between the hands of the Head of the State.

The October 22nd 2006, it declares that it wishes to limit to two the number of mandates for the President of the Republic and to limit in time that of all the elected officials.

To imply the citizens in the political processes, it puts forward the idea to make evaluate the action of the elected officials by jurys citizens. This proposal immediately raised strong reactions on the right like on the left of politicians and leader-writers, as well as criticisms of the Association of the mayors of France.

Francois Bayrou wishes to prohibit with companies holding media to contribute for government contracts and the election of the Guard of seals by the majority of the three quarters by the National Assembly with obligation to once defend per annum her criminal policy before the Parliament. N the other hand of this independence, this one could be reversed in the majority simple.

Gerard Schivardi put in front of his program the convocation of a sovereign Constituent Assembly, breaking completely with the institutions of the 5th Republic and the European Union. The president of the Republic would thus return to the sovereign people, via his delegates, all the capacity which it holds. He preaches the return to the Republic One and indivisible, the disappearance of the institutions of regionalization, to return in particular to the communes all their prerogatives of free administration, remaking departments the tools of the equality in right on all the national territory.

Intellectual property

The initiative candidats.fr of APRIL invited the candidates to come to a conclusion about various subjects in relation to the Free software.

Unfolding of the countryside

Reversals

The countryside was characterized by a great number of personalities taking left for the candidate being located edge opposed to that which they usually defend:
  • Eric Besson joined in Nicolas Sarkozy following an internal conflict in the team of countryside of Ségolène Royal, of which it formed part.
  • Azouz Begag, Minister for the Government Dominique de Villepin, made countryside in favor of Francois Bayrou.
  • Bernard-Henri Levy, known for his Atlantic positions, gave an opinion for Ségolène Royal with the interval turns because of the positions of the two candidates in connection with the Darfur.

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