French Section of the International worker

The French section of the Internationale worker ( SFIO ) was a Political party French. In 1969, the SFIO will become the Socialist party, at the time of the congress of Issy-les-Moulineaux where it will join the Union of the clubs for the revival of the left.

Socialist parties before the SFIO

Reorganization and initial unit (1876-1883)

The first socialist congresses after the Commune are marked by attempts at unit (1876 and 1878) under the name of Fédération of the Party of the socialist workers of France (FPTSF). In 1879, the principles collectivists are adopted and the FPTSF becomes the Fédération of the socialist workers of France (FTSF).

Division in 5 tendencies (1882-1901)

But the congresses of 1880 and 1881 see to continue the disunion between Socialists which leads as from 1882 to the creation of several parties representing five main tendencies of the Socialisme.

the Fédération of the socialist workers of France (FTSF) is created in 1879 but takes its own personality after the departure of the Marxists Guesdistes in 1882. It is directed by Paul Brousse. It develops in its ideas a socialism reformist, from where its name of Parti possibilist or of Possibilisme because it militated for the reforms, judged " possibles". ( Foot-note: To complicate the business, this party is initially and very little time called revolutionary socialist working Parti (POSR) into 1882-1883 before becoming FTSF in 1883, not to thus confuse with the POSR allemanist of which it is question lower ).

the working Left (1882) become Left working French (POF) (1893) of Jules Guesde and Paul Lafargue. It is created in 1882 per departure of the Marxists of the FTSF. Ideas: Marxism " orthodoxe" , in favor of the proletarian revolution.

the Left working revolutionary Socialist (POSR). It is created by scission of the FTSF led to the congress of 1890 by Jean Allemane. Ideas: enough libertarian, it is in favor of the general strike and the trade-union fight (very present in the CGT as of its beginnings). It is known as " allemaniste" according to the name of Jean Allemane.

the revolutionary Socialist party (France) (PSR), Blanquiste, new name given in 1898 to the central revolutionary Committee (CRC) created in 1881. The PSR was reinforced in 1896 by the scission of elected officials and regional bosses excluded from the POSR gathered in 1897 pennies the label of communist Alliance revolutionary (ACR). The PSR is directed by Edouard Vaillant which wants to be the hyphen between the “moderate ones” (Jean Jaurès, Paul Brousse) and the “Marxists” (Jules Guesde, Paul Lafargue).

the independent Socialist , often of the moderated members of Parliament, Socialists, such Benoit Malon, Jean Jaurès, Alexandre Millerand. Some had been found with beginning of the year 1880 gathered in transitory a republican socialist Alliance.

Walk towards the unit: the two socialist parties (1901-1905)

At the beginning of the century, these first parties will seek to gather (first unit Congress of the socialist organizations in December 1899). Not managing to put all agreement, they gather initially in two parties:

the Socialist party of France (PSdF) is created in 1902 by fusion of the Parti working French (POF) Jules Guesde and of the revolutionary Socialist party (PSR), blanquist, of Edouard Vaillant (PSdF was called in the beginning, in 1901, the revolutionary socialist Unit (USR)).

the French Socialist party (PSF), with Jean Jaurès like spokesperson, is created in 1902 by fusion of the independent Socialistes, of the Fédération of the socialist workers of France (FTSF) of Paul Brousse and of the Parti working Socialist revolutionary (POSR) Jean Allemane.

Creation

In 1905 with the Congress of the Earth, in Paris is signed the unification of French socialism (union of PSdF and the PSF), giving following the international Socialist congress of Amsterdam of 1904. The Socialist party unified, French section of the International worker ( PSU-SFIO ), more known under the name of SFIO, “left the Labor movement”, was born. The independent Socialists who refuse the creation of the SFIO will find in the independent Socialist party (1907) become Parti republican-Socialist (1910).

The SFIO, directed by Jules Guesde, Jean Jaurès, Valiant Edouard and Paul Lafargue, gave an opinion against the colonial policy and nationalism warmonger.

In 1914, the large majority of the SFIO agrees to guarantee the war, contrary to all her former engagements.

See also: Sacred union and the Socialists

In 1920, to the Congress of Turns, the scission between partisans of the International IIe (to which the SFIO adhered) and the partisans of the IIIe Internationale (majority, favorable to the Russian Révolution and the Bolchévisme) gives place, by the latter, with the creation of the French Section Internationale communist (future French Communist party). This political scission was followed of a trade-union scission.

Leon Blum and Paul Faure, new leaders of SFIO , starts a policy of regrouping of the left which leads to the Cartel of the lefts, victorious with the elections of 1924.

Popular front and Release

In 1935, the exclusion of the partisans of the ministerial participation (Marcel Déat, Pierre Renaudel, Adrien Marquet, who create the Socialist party of France-Union Jean Jaurès), allows the bringing together with the Communists (1934) and the creation of the Popular front in 1936. The May 3rd 1936, the left has 376 elected officials out of 618, including 146 deputies for the SFIO.

Criticizing the character according to it too moderated Popular front, the tendency “Gauche revolutionist” of Marceau Pivert is excluded in 1938, and founds the working Socialist party and peasant (PSOP).

The Second world war was going to divide into two SFIO : those which are favorable to the Vichy government (Paul Faure, Charles Spinasse), generally by a extreme Pacifisme and which will constitute, with the Release, the democratic Socialist party, and the others, majority, which join the rows of the Résistance (Pierre Brossolette, Amédée Dunois, Felix Gouin, Jean-Baptiste Lebas, Daniel Mayer, Guy Mollet, André Philip, Jean Pierre-Bloch, Christian Pineau, Pierre Viénot…). In March 1941, Daniel Mayer creates with some former deputies and militants the socialist Comité of action, which is reinforced during the year 1942 and becomes the reconstituted SFIO in March - June 1943.

To the Release, SFIO was going to find its leading role at the sides of MRP and the communist in different the provisional governments, then, after the exclusion of the Communists, with the MRP and the liberals.

Entered the opposition in 1950, the Socialists return to the capacity in 1956 with the government Guy Mollet.

The SFIO will remain favorable to the idea of an empire French colonialist until the end of IVe République.

Scissions and dissolution

The business of Suez Canal, the Algerian policy of Guy Mollet, the support for Charles de Gaulle in 1958, revealed new scissions: the autonomous Socialist party, in 1958, then the Socialist party unified in 1960.

In 1965, a first attempt at gathering, the Federation of the democratic and socialist left , gathers in particular the SFIO, the Union of the groups and clubs socialist, the Parti radical socialist and the Convention the Republican Institutions. It is chaired by François Mitterrand (directing CIR).

Thereafter, under the impulse of Alain Savary, the SFIO amalgamates with the Union of the clubs for the revival of the left to create the Socialist party, at the time of the congress of Issy-les-Moulineaux in 1969.

General secretaries

Louis Dubreuilh: 1905-1918
Ludovic-Oscar Frossard: 1918-1920
Paul Faure: 1920-1940
Daniel Mayer: 1943-1946
Guy Mollet: 1946-1969

List congresses

1905 : Congress of the Earth First National congress (also called Congress of the Unit or First Congress of Paris )
1905: Congress of Chalon-sur-Saône Second National congress
1906: Congress of Limoges 3rd National congress
1907: Congress of Nancy 4th National congress
1908: Congress of Toulouse 5th National congress
1909: Congress of Saint-Etienne 6th National congress
1910: Congress of Nimes 7th National congress
1910: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 7th National congress
1911: Congress of Saint-Quentin 8th National congress
1911: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 8th National congress
1912: Congress of Lyon 9th National congress
1912: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 9th National congress
1913: Congress of Brest 10th National congress
1914: Congress of Amiens 11th National congress
1914: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 11th National congress
1915: Congress of Paris 12th National congress
1916: Congress of Paris 13th National congress
1917: Congress of Bordeaux 14th National congress
1918: Congress of Paris 15th National congress
1918: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 15th National congress
1919: Congress of Paris 16th National congress
1920: Congress of Strasbourg 17th National congress
1920: Congress of Turns 18th National congress (Also Called Congress of the Rupture)

1921: Congress of Paris 19th National congress

1923: Congress of Lille 20th National congress

1924: Congress of Marseilles 21e National congress

1925: Congress of Grenoble 22e National congress

1926: Congress of Clermont-Ferrand 23e National congress

1927: Congress of Lyon 24e National congress

1928: Congress of Toulouse 25e National congress

1929: Congress of Nancy 26e National congress

1930: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 26e National congress

1930: Congress of Bordeaux 27e National congress

1931 : Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 28e National congress

1932: Congress of Paris 29e National congress

1932: Extraordinary National congress in Avignon Second Session of the 29e National congress

1933: Congress of Paris 30e National congress

1934: Congress of Toulouse 31e National congress

1935: Congress of Mulhouse 32e National congress

1935: Extraordinary National congress in Limoges Second session of the 32e National congress

1936: Extraordinary National congress in Boulogne-Billancourt Third Session of the 32e National congress

1936: Congress of Paris 33e National congress (Also called Congress Huyghens because of the room where it was held.)

1937: Congress of Marseilles 34e National congress

1938: Congress of Royan 35e National congress

1938: Extraordinary National congress in Montrouge Second Session of the 35e National congress

1939: Congress of Nantes 36e National congress (Also Called Congress of the Champ de Mars because of the room where it was held)

1944: extraordinary National congress of the executives of the socialist federations reconstituted in Resistance, in Paris

1944: Congress of Paris 37e National congress

1946: Congress of Paris 38e National congress

1947: Congress of Lyon 39e National congress

1948: Congress of Paris 40e National congress

1949: Congress of Paris 41e National congress

1949: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 41e National congress

1950: Congress of Paris 42e National congress

1951: Congress of Paris 43e National congress

1951: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 43e National congress

1952: Congress of Montrouge 44e National congress

1953: Congress of Asnières 45e National congress

1953: Extraordinary National congress in Puteaux Second Session of the 45e National congress

1954: Congress of Asnières 46e National congress

1954: Extraordinary National congress in Suresnes Second session of the 46e National congress

1955: Extraordinary National congress in Puteaux Third Session of the 46e National congress

1955: Congress of Asnières 47e National congress

1956: Congress of Lille 48e National congress

1957: Congress of Toulouse 49e National congress

1958: Congress of Issy-les-Moulineaux 50e National congress

1959: Congress of Puteaux 51e National congress

1960: Congress of Issy-les-Moulineaux 52e National congress

1960: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 52e National congress

1961: Congress of Issy-les-Moulineaux 53e National congress

1962: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 53e National congress

1963: Congress of Issy-les-Moulineaux 54e National congress

1964: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second Session of the 54e National congress

1965: Congress of Clichy 55e National congress

1965: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second session of the 55e National congress

1966: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Third Session of the 55e National congress

1967: Congress of Suresnes 56e and last National congress

1968: Extraordinary National congress in Paris Second session of the 56e National congress

1968: Extraordinary National congress in Puteaux Third Session of the 56e National congress

See too

Left Socialist party
in France (1919-1939)
legislative Elections under the Fourth Republic
Statement of principles of the SFIO in 1905
Texts of the current " Battle Socialiste" SFIO

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