French Canton
In France, a canton is a administrative division, each departmental district being subdivided in cantons.
Role and administration
The current role of the cantons is primarily to provide an electoral grid; with the cantonal elections, each canton elects the person brought to represent it with the general advice department (except with Paris, where the council of Paris following east elected a different procedure; it thus does not exist there cantons with the electoral direction of the term. On the other hand, from a statistical point of view, the twenty Arrondissements of Paris are sometimes regarded as cantons). In urban area, same a common generally recovers several cantons. In rural area, a canton is often made of several small communes; it then arrives frequently that principal administrative services (gendarmerie squad, etc) are concentrated in the Chef-lieu of canton.
The cantons Gaillon-Countryside and Sarreguemines-Countryside have common a chief town which does not belong to the canton. (INSEE)
The cantons also form a legal district as a seat of the County court. Historically the cantons are also called “district courts”.
History
" The law of December 22nd, 1789 taken again by the constitution of 1791, divides the kingdom (the Republic in September 1792), in communes, cantons, districts and departments. In June 1793, the Convention removes the canton. it is restored by the constitution of October 26th, 1795, instituting the directoire". The cantons were created in 1790, at the same time as the departments, by the Committee of Division of the territory. They were originally gathered in districts until the suppression of those in 1795, then in districts during the creation of these districts in 1800. Until 1795, the cantons are only one electoral constituency, and an elementary legal spring, that of the district court. The constitution of the 5 fructidor year III (August 22nd, 1795), which removes the districts in addition, creates a municipality in each canton, formed representatives of all the communes of the canton. 1st vendémiaire year VII (September 22nd, 1798) with the 28 pluviôse year VIII (February 17th, 1800), under the terms of the law of the 13 fructidor year VI (August 30th, 1798), the marriages were celebrated with the chief town of canton, and either in the commune.
During their creation in 1790, the cantons were much more numerous than today (between 40 and 60 according to the departments). Their number was reduced drastiquement (between 30 and 50) by the law of the 8 pluviôse year IX (January 28th 1801) entitled “law carrying reduction of the number of district courts”. The first Préfet S named by the government were summoned to establish in their department the distribution of the communes in each canton lately established. These departmental lists, once approved by the government, were published in the Bulletin of the Laws in the years 1801 - 1802 and constitute the base of the administrative division of France in cantons which is still in place to date.
Since 1800, cantons too little populated were removed, tandis of new cantons were created in certain zones having known a demographic strong growth, mainly in urban area. On the whole, their number appreciably increased.
Statistics
The number of cantons is variable from one department to another (the Territoire of Belfort has 15, the Northern of them 79). On the whole, there existed 4.039 cantons in France In 2004, including 156 in the Overseas departments. The island of Mayotte, to which the territorial administration is close to that of the departments, is also divided into 19 cantons.
See List of the French cantons .
Communes belonging to several cantons
A great number of communes are divided into several cantons, the majority in urban areas (a commune is made up of several cantons).
But there exist characteristics due to fusions or meetings of communes:
-
Communes which belongs to several different cantons, without being the chief town of all the cantons; it is the case of:
- There exist even communes which are not chief towns of canton and which are divided in several cantons:
See too
Internal bonds
- Cantonal elections (France)
External bonds
- : Site under development detailing the French canton, from an economic standpoint areas and geographical to the commune. The site is coordinated by Roger Brunet.
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