Free Contents

A contained free indicates very contained Création intellectual or artistic proposed with the free diffusion and redistribution. These contents can be Document S, Image S, Texte S, music, Logiciels… whose authors chose to define the conditions of use of way more flexible than those defined by defect in the legislation by the Royalty.

The concept of contents free thus does not relate to the Freedom of expression but the free diffusion.

The rights given by the authors are then defined in a license known as “free” associated with the document. These freedoms can relate to the consultation (recopy, re-use, modification…) contents and can be associated with obligations (to quote the original author, obligation to maintain the license original…) and of the restrictions (not of regular commercial practice, prohibition of certain media…).

There exist various licenses, which propose possibly various options making it possible to the authors to choose the type of use of their work that they or not wish to authorize (to make free).

The concept of contents free appeared following that of free software and an extension constitutes some. Debates are still in hand to define the minimal rights which should be associated with a intellectual production so that these contents can be regarded as free.

  • the right of redistribution is unanimously regarded as indissociable of the concept " contents libre"
  • the right of modification is regarded by certain as an option for certain types of contents, artistic or scientific in particular. Others, closer to the original logic of the free software, consider that no contents can be definite as free if the user does not have the right to modify it.
  • the right of use commercial is also regarded as obvious by the ones, whereas others wish to be able to restrict it or prohibit it, holding freedoms with the end user of work.

These differences appear with the reading of the various licenses, or sometimes of the various options of these licenses, being asserted like free, and of course some are disputed in this claim of freedom.

Origin

The first intellectual creations which defined free conditions of use are the free software in the world of data processing. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) conceived the GNU General Public License , shortened LPG which always refers as regards free software. This license defines following freedoms:

  • freedom to use the program, for all the uses.
  • freedom to be able to modify the program to adapt it to its needs. This obliges to provide the access to the source code of the document.
  • freedom to redistribute copies, therefore to help its neighbor.
  • freedom to improve the document and to publish your improvements, to make some profit all community by publishing the source code.

The success of the growth of the free software today testifies that freedom can be a powerful means of development, in the field to the software for this first experiment.

This original and successful use of freedom inspires by other fields of intellectual creation, in the fields of knowledge, the organization, the policy, arts, journalism…

The use of the principle of liberty left with the user like engine of the development of an human activity, in opposition to the principle of control by the promoter of the activity, is the common denominator of the Free production of Contents, in spite of some divergences on the definition of these freedoms.

Description

All the licenses do not treat same manner the limits of the " libre" : a movement close to philosophy Open Source assimilates for example the licenses " not commerciales" with licenses of free contents. In addition, the need for authorizing the modifications of these contents is also one of the points of disagreement on this definition of “freedom” of the contents.

One thus finds mention of the concept of contained open , which has same ambiguities; or of contained in free diffusion , which indicates more clearly than freedom specifically relates to the diffusion (and not the modification) of the contents.

Examples

  • Out of data-processing matter:
    • the free License of documentation GNU (of English GNU Free Documentation License , shortened GFDL ), conceived to guarantee the freedom of the contents of the documentation type, even if all the free contents do not use it;

  • Out of encyclopedic matter:

    • Wikipedia

  • adaptable Licenses

    • These Licenses is disputed, at least in some their options, by holding of a rigorous definition of the concept of " Libre"
    • the licenses Creative Commons thus offer a play of addition of options making it possible to authorize or prohibit 1 of these 4 options:
      • Attribution (signature of the initial author): obligatory choice in French right
      • NonCommercial (prohibition to sell work)
      • No derivative works (impossibility of integrating whole or part in a composite work. Impossible Samplage)
      • Share alike (obligation to repeat according to the same license).
    • the Free License " penserpouragir" offers two options, " document from " point of view; in which one does not deform the word of the author, and " document of référence" in which one can at the very least update data and information. The commercial use of the document is limited and derived work is authorized if they are republished with a “compatible license”

Other developments

Mobility altermondialist was found in certain values conveyed by the concept of contents free and seeks to promote licenses politically more compatible with the ideals of community properties, of non-marchandisation of the resources, as well material as intellectual.

The recent concept of equitable Création tries as for it to extend these concepts to the economy of creation.

See too

External bonds

  • Jake : Database of the newspapers and free articles of newspapers
  • Opencode: Consortium for research and free documentation (in English)
    • Open
  • Content for Education
  • Fruitymag: An open magazine of free contents covering with many subjects
  • Drafting Web: Site of free exchange of contents of rights on various subjects.
  • Work Freedom: Site of free exchange of contents of rights on the domestic industry.
  • Portalaction: Site of free exchange of contents of rights.

Images under free licenses

  • DCNature : images under licenses DC by
  • FreePhotoBank: images under DC by
  • Images under DC by on Flickr
  • Images under DC by-its on Flickr
  • Images under DC by on OpenPhoto.net
  • Images under DC by-its on OpenPhoto.net
  • Images under License Free Art
  • Fotooweb - free Photographs of rights

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