Frederic V of Palatinat
Born the August 26th 1596, Frederic V ( Friedrich V. ) is the son of the Prince-voter, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Frederic IV (family of the Wittelsbach, connects Wittelsbach-Simmern) and of Louise-Juliana of Orange-Nassau girl of Guillaume Ier of Orange-Nassau. With died of his/her father in 1610, Frederic became Prince-voter Palatinat under the supervision of sound beautiful brother, the count Jean II of the Double-deckers, and this, until in 1614.
Previously, the February 13rd 1613, it marries Elisabeth Stuart (1596 - 1622) with which it will have 13 children:
- Frederic Henri (1614 - 1629)
- Charles I {{er}} Louis (1617 - 1680), Elector Palatine and father of Charlotte-Elisabeth of Bavaria (1652-1722), sister-in-law of Louis XIV
- Elisabeth de Hervorden (1618 - 1680), friend and corresponding of the philosopher Rene Descartes
- Rupert, duke of Cumberland (1619 - 1682)
- Maurice (1620 - 1654)
- Louise Hollandine (1622 - 1709), abbess of Maubuisson.
- Louis (1624 - 1625)
- Edouard of Bavaria (1625 - 1663), wife Anne de Gonzague de Clèves
- Henriette Marie (1626 - 1651)
- Jean Philippe Frederic of Palatinat (1627 - 1650)
- Charlotte (1628 - 1631)
- Sophie of Bohemia (1630 - 1714) wife of Ernest-Auguste (1629 - 1698), voter of Hanover and mother of the king George I {{er}} of Great Britain
- Gustave Adolphe (1632 - 1641)
He takes again the head of the Protestant Union, created by his father to safeguard the Protestant interests.
In August 1619, dissatisfied with Ferdinand II of Habsbourg, the successor of Matthias, emperor of the Germanic Holy roman Empire, the States of Bohemia, with Protestants majority whereas Ferdinand is catholic, deposit this one and propose the title with Frederic V.
Initially reticent, this one accepts finally their proposal. This act will be one of the factors starting of the Guerre Thirty Year old. It is crowned in Prague, the November 4th 1619 and his wife three days later. Little time after, Ferdinand II, takes the offensive to reconquer the crown of Bohemia.
Given up by the foreign powers and the Protestant Union, Frederic V, with few financial means and human will not arrive has to contain the armies of Ferdinand and will be demolishes by Jean 'T Serclaes, count de Tilly, with the Bataille of the White Mountain the November 8th 1620, that is to say one year and 4 days after his crowning. He will inherit it the nickname of “one winter old king” ( Winterkönig ).
Put at the round of applause of the Empire, dislocated of all its titles and stripped its possessions by imperial decree, it is constrained with the exile, Sedan, near its uncle Henri of the Tower of Auvergne between 1620 and 1623. His wife and it, since their exile of $the Hague (Holland), can only assist, impotent, with the occupation of Palatinat by the troops of Maximilien I {{er}} of Bavaria which received these grounds as well as electoral dignity in thanks of the services rendered to the Habsbourg (1623).
Frederic V dies in Mainz the November 29th 1632.
See too
- War Thirty Year old