Frederic Joliot-Curie
Jean Frederic Joliot , born with Paris the March 19th 1900 and died in Paris the August 14th 1958, is a Physicien French.
Biography
Scientific career
In 1926, it marries Irene Curie, the girl of Pierre and Marie Curie. They have two children: Helene Langevin-Joliot born in 1927 and Pierre Joliot-Curie born in 1932.It makes its studies with the University of physics and chemistry, where it meets Paul Langevin and becomes friendly with Pierre Biquard. He becomes assistant of Marie Curie to the Institut of radium. He takes part with his wife in research on the structure of the Atome. In 1935, they obtain the Nobel Prize of chemistry for the discovery of the artificial Radioactivité. In 1937, it is named nuclear chemistry teacher with the Collège de France.
He worked much, in particular with his wife, on the nuclear energy. Thus they are at the origin of a Brevet deposited by CNRS in 1939 and covering the invention of the atomic bomb.
In 1940, it sends his/her collaborators Hans Halban and Lew Kowarski in England with its documents and the heavy Eau intended for experiments on the nuclear reactions in chain. It engages in Resistance in 1941 and takes the head of the organization of resistance the National front, whose militants meet clandestinely in his laboratory. It takes share with the insurrection of Paris against the occupation Nazi.
He is director of CNRS of August 20th 1944 at February 3rd 1946. In 1945, it founds the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (ECA), of which it is named High-Commissioner by the Général de Gaulle. In 1947, he becomes foreign member of the Royal Society which decrees to him, the following year, the Médaille Hughes. In 1948, it supervises the construction of the first Nuclear reactor French, the Pile Zoe. With died of his wife, it takes again the load of its pulpit of nuclear physics to the Faculty of Science of Paris as well as the direction of the Institut of radium while preserving its station at the Collège de France. He is elected member of the Academy of Science in 1958. Its death, Jean Teillac succeeds to him the pulpit of physics and the direction of the Institute of radium.
Political commitment
Frederic Joliot was member of the French Communist party since 1942, member of the Central committee in 1956. He is in addition president of the World council of Peace of 1949 with 1958. Within this framework, it launches in 1950 the Appel of Stockholm aiming to the prohibition of the atomic bomb. For this reason, it receives the international Stalin price for peace (named Prix Lénine since 1956 at the time of the Déstalinisation) and it is raised of its functions of High-Commissioner of the ECA the same year. It forms then part of the signatories of the Manifeste Russell-Einstein.He was commander of the Légion of honor to the title of the Résistance. From 1946 to 1955 he also assumed the presidency of the rationalist Union.
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