Frederic III of Montefeltro

Frederic III of Montefeltro , in Italian Federico III da Montefeltro or more generally Federico da Montefeltro (Gubbio, June 7th, 1422 - Ferrare, September 10th, 1482) was one of most famous the condottieri of the Renaissance, duke of Urbin and count de Montefeltro of 1444 with its death. It made old Roman Municipe of Urvinum Mataurense ( Urbino , in French Urbin ) the center of a refined court where it maintained many artists. It made there build large a Bibliothèque, perhaps largest of Italy after that of the the Vatican, in which it had, in its Scriptorium, its own team of copyists, and joins together around him largest Humaniste S of its time in one of the large architectural jewels of the First Rebirth, the ducal palate of Urbin, conceived by the Architecte Luciano Laurana that Cosimo Rosselli, Roberto Valturio, Frederico Barocci and Francesco di Giorgio Martini decorated. This last having begun again work of the ducal palate in 1472, is the author also plans with Botticelli of sound studiolo , study personal and close friend, entirely carried out in trompe-l'oeil inlaid by Baccio Pontelli.

Biography

Frederic was born with Gubbio. He was the illegitimate son of Guy-Antoine de Montefeltro, lord of Urbin, Gubbio and Casteldurante, and duke of Spolète.

In its youth, he lived with Venice and Mantoue, where he was retained like hostage. In 1437, it was armed knight by the emperor Sigismond, and married, the same year, in Gubbio, Gentile Brancaleoni.

At sixteen years, it began a career of condottiere under the command of Niccolò Piccinino. The July 22nd 1444, his/her half-brother, the duke Oddantonio II of Montefeltro, which had just been invested duke of Urbin in 1443, was assassinated following a plot. Frederic, whose probable participation in the forever cleared up conspiracy, seized the capacity with Urbin.

A scholar of the 16th century gave this definition of the town of Urbin, which, at that time, lived its artistic time richest and most intense as well on the cultural level as political:

the town of Urbin, very civil and rich person of honourable buildings…

It owed this remarkable situation in Frederic de Montefeltro, who, with humanistic the Alberti, conceived the idea of a “ideal and rational city, protected well, rich, round towards arts and happiness. ” Thus was born the ducal Palais from Urbin, which was more one meeting place that a strengthened castle. At the beginning of the next century, Balthazar Castiglione — who spent ten years to the court of Urbin between 1503 and 1513 — will note in its work Of the courtier the perfect integration of the palate, “ place of force and spirituality, but also of elegance and urbanity ” to the surrounding landscape.

In the Years 1450, Frederic fought for the king de Naples and his ally the pope Pie II. It remaria with Battista Sforza, resulting from another famous family of condottiere which was the Masters of Milan. In the agreement with the Sforza — Frederic never fought for nothing — he transferred control to them from Pesaro and received in exchange Fossombrone, being consequently made a large enemy in the Marches, Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, lord of Rimini.

From 1459, in Romagna, it fought for the pope Pie II, again against Malatesta, with which it inflicted a severe defeat on the river Cesano, close to Senigallia (1462). The pope appointed it vicar of the conquered territories, but when Pie II wanted to personally take again the control of the old capital of Malatesta with Rimini, Frederic was turned over against him and fought with the head of an alliance of the cities formed against the papal power. In 1474, the Duché of Urbin was confirmed in Frederic, by extension to illegitimate of the title granted to his/her half-brother, by the pope Sixte IV which Maria her favorite nephew Jean della Rovere (Giovanni) with the girl of Frederic III, Jeanne (Giovanna). In same time, it was named Gonfalonnier Roman Catholic church and added, so the attributes known as Gonfalone pontificio (pontifical Gonfalon) or Basilica .
In August 1474, it was named knight Order of the Garter.

Frederic fought again against his former Masters florentins with the head of the pontifical army, after the failure of the Conspiration of Pazzi of 1478, in which Frederic was strongly implied.

Piero della Francesca painted a Diptyque recto-back (after 1478), titrated the Triumph of Chastity, Frederic representative and his wife Battista Sforza at the time of their entry in the city: the duke, accompanied by the cardinal virtues, receives from an angel a laurel wreath while the duchess, trônant on a tank drawn by Licorne S (symbols of chastity) is surrounded of the theological virtues.

Frederic de Montefeltro died in Ferrare in 1482, as a combatant against Venice.

The son of Frederic III, Guidobaldo, was married with Elisabeth Gonzague, the brilliant girl of Frederic I {{er}}, marquis de Mantoue. To died from this wire, in 1508, the duchy of Urbin returned to his/her sister Jeanne (Giovanna), and thus passed in the family Della Rovere, the family of Sixte IV.

See too

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