Franglais

Origin of the Franglais

Regression of the Greek and Latin

When that a thousand of graeco-latin roots were known of each one, it was very simple to create new words which were from the start included/understood of all, like sociology (created by Auguste Count). The use of English marks sometimes our cultural incapacity to create the suitable word, or to popularize it.

Pressure, monopoly and prestige of English

The economic weight and policy of the the United States and the anglophone countries which tend to impose their language as well in the International organizations as in the bilateral relations translate into France by quasi a monopoly of English in increasingly many fields: scientific publications, commercial higher education, foreign language instruction in the secondary, Publicity, Cinema, Music, Patent S techniques, etc

Cultural imitation

of the snobbery (for example: “Let us make a station-wagon (for a pause) and will take a drink with the lounge ”;
of the need to be with the mode, to make connected: best-seller , best-of (best titles of), hit-parade (better sales), making off , serial killer , coming out for public consent, coach for trainer or adviser whereas " cocher" would make retro in French, a black for a black. A plane or a spittle crash landing on the ground because one forsakes the word " écraser".
of the multilingual cultural medium in which French is for certain one second language, thus implying that even between French-speaking people it is simpler and easy to slip of the English words into a sentence in order to save the need to seek the vocabulary in his maternal own language.

The boomerang effect

The languages grow rich mutually (by the words like bazaar and sauerkraut is loans; the steamer was a time the packet-boat and the frock coat the riding-coat , examples quoted by Étiemble!). If the French language borrows currently much from English for reasons explained above, the opposite was true a long time (in particular with the invasion of England by William the Conqueror and the possession, during the Middle Ages, by the broad crown of England provinces on the territory of current France) and the English language is truffée gallicisms which by a linguistic effect return to us:

E-mail (Electronic Email), old word for Email: the word Mail comes from the Malle-poste
Flirt to tell floweret
Marketing , of Market, Marché
Management (management) is a term of old French fallen in disuse. Chistiane Collonge points out the similarity of to manage (administrative) with domestic , required qualities (to plan, manage a budget and resources…) being well the same ones. One says to manage his means, his forces, and one thus spares his forces and his means.
rosbif comes from roasted beef, ox roast (English uses a French word beef for the meat been useful on the table, and a Anglo-Saxon word OX for the live animal joined with a French adjective roasted of roast , rosté as former more idiomatic French instead of cooked ; that comes owing to the fact that the new Masters of England after 1066 imposed their language on table, and left the free peasants use theirs in their work).
Tennis which comes from French " Tenez" expression employed at the time of the play of palm, ancestor of the tennis and taken again by English who deformed the word " tenez" in " tennis".
the famous Mayday of the pilots in difficulty would come from French " me aider" (!)

The etymological proximity of certain English words with French can facilitate the adoption of copies of neologisms, that the speaker does not feel like Anglicism, like Flexicurité.

Typology of the Franglais

One counts six categories of Anglicisms: lexical, semantic, syntactic, morphological, graphic, phonetic. To these the false Anglicisms are added.

Lexical Franglais: technical field and business world

In Data-processing, the English jargon prevails: “I reboote (starts again) so that the drivers (pilot) that I come from updater (to update) are loadés (charged)”. It should be noted that the French vocabulary replaces the first English terms since the corresponding concepts become sufficiently familiar.

In the same way trades of it booster rocket the sales for to push the sales, whereas the French has: top, height, apogee, summit, pinnacle, higher of…, at best of…, the best of…, the cream of…

Let us notice in this respect at the 19th century, where some were carried to the anglomania, French used his words to indicate a construction however unknown then in France and Europe and employed " scrape-ciel" , literal translation in French of the American expression sky-scraper . It is extremely probable that at present, in such a case, it is the American expression which would be imposed by the media, without reaction of translation.

On the other hand, of the words like Software (on the model of " matériel") were adopted very quickly by the population. And nobody any more says computer for “computer”, although the first word is shorter.

In the Trade and the management of company: “The reporting (report/ratio of exploitation) monthly of the service Marketing accelerated the fall of the stock-options (options to buy or actions optional) of the staff (personal in function)”.

Semantic Franglais

the English influence on the language is sensitive in the approximate translations, in particular in the media, inter alia because of the False-friends and the expressions copied on English (into data processing, bookstore for library, implemented translate into “implemented” instead of applied, realized or implemented). Sometimes one distinguishes in linguistics the first case (semantic Anglicisms) from the second (phraseological copies). The commonplace word which, in French means coarse, vulgar, is often employed with the English direction of " banal" , " futile".

In Quebec, this type of Franglais more is spread, but “is acclimatized” linguistically (“bag of pinottes” ( sack off peanuts ) = groundnut sachet).

In italics non-existent French words.

Syntactic Franglais

Begun again in French of English syntax, in particular the place of the adjective (“I recommend the to you positive attitude”).

False Anglicisms

Fight against the Franglais

In France

Since the Years 1970, the government fixed by lawful way the official terminology much after consultation of the departmental committees of terminology, by specifying the foreign terms if necessary to avoid. Thus the word “Logiciel” proposed at the commission of data processing by Philippe Renard in 1970 eliminated in less than ten years the English term software and that “walkman”, designed in 1983 by the commission of audio-visual and publicity, supplanted walkman . It should be noted that the word Informatique itself is a neologism created in 1962 by pH. Dreyfus, contraction of the terms “information” and “automatic”, which does not have an exact equivalent in English (one finds concepts close, like information technology , computer science or dated processing , as well as the term morphologiquement close informatics ).

Jacques Toubon, Minister French for the Culture of March 1993 in May 1995, on the other hand failed by proposing a complete listing of words to be used in the place of the English words. Its proposal was even the object of mockeries in its time - and is still - and the Loi Toubon (n° 94-88) for the promotion of the francophonie was ironically called “law AllGood” (example of failure with use: vacancelle forever been able to compete with weekend , which was fixed into Franco-French to indicate Saturday-Sunday, whereas the copy “end of the week”, used in French Canada, indicates there in Europe rather Thursday-Friday, i.e. the end of the working week). It was a bitter failure for the fight against the Franglais, which showed a certain will of the French population not to be let dictate the use of its words.

the decree of the July 3rd 1996 deeply reformed the device of enrichment of the lexicon of the French language which existed hitherto. This device rests from now on on the “general Commission of terminology and neology”. Placed near the Prime Minister, this commission coordinates work of terminology, in connection with various partners, like the French Academy, the Academy of Science, the French Association of standardization (AFNOR), the National institute of the French language (CNRS - INaLF) and other commissions of terminology of French-speaking countries, like the Office of the French language of Quebec. The lists of adopted terms are diffused in the form of booklets, published in the Official journal (they become then of obligatory employment for the services of the State and the public corporations, like in the cases envisaged by the law of the August 4th 1994 relating to the use of the French language - said Loi Toubon). One can consult them on the site of the General delegation to the French language (DGLF) with the following address: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/dglf/.

Each Year association " Defense of the French language " decree with less deserving the Prix of the English rug.

In Quebec

the Office of the French language (OLF) and the Ministère of the cultural affairs of Quebec are created on March 24th, 1961.
the Loi on the official language (Quebec) (Law 22) is adopted in 1974.
Commission of protection of the French language
the Charte of the French language (Law 101) is adopted on August 26th, 1977.
the Superior council of the French language (Quebec) and the Commission of toponymy are created on August 26th, 1977.
Loi 104 is adopted on October 1st, 2002.
the Québécois Office of the French language (OQLF) is created on October 1st, 2002.
a very effective help for the writers deserves to be announced: it is about the Grand terminological dictionary. Worked out by the Office of the French language of the Quebec and a very easy employment, he proposes nearly three million English and French terms in 200 spheres of activity.
the same Québécois Office of the French language counts more than 150 Anglicisms together with councils on the way of avoiding them

Franglais in the songs

Formidable For me , song sung by Charles Aznavour
Rock'n'roll… mops , song sung by Henri Salvador
Song for the export of Bourvil

to be still in top of the poster by Jean Ferrat

'' the French language '', parodic song of Léo Shoed

'' It is not because you are '', parodic song of Renaud

'' Rock' dollars '', parodic song of William Sheller

Brian , song sung by Pig-headeds - Album the soft Wafer in vinyl only

You got No woman by Raoul Small

the Appointment by Manu Chao

Youssef by My punk side

Ouainemailleso by low register Low register

Several recent songs of the R' B French (K-Maro, Tragedy, Mr. Pokora), with for example the titles Woman like U

Several titles in solo or with participations of the Belgian singer Arno, whose I' m not into hop , It is splendid , Not happy nor unhappy , They changed my song (with Stephan Eicher - Created by Melanie)

Swiss Vision of the Franglais with Lucette of Michel Bühler

'' I want to pogne '', song parodic on the anglicisation of the media of the song of RBO

I Went to the market , song sung by Gilles Vigneault

The Frog song by Robert Charlebois

Québécois of stock , song parodic of the Cowboys Fringants

I live in Picardy , song of the Fatal Picardy

love with the Frenchwoman , song of the Picardy Fatal representing France in 2007 in Eurovision

The frenglish in the songs

Michele , by The Beatles
Several versions of the Bed of roses , of which those of Grace Jones and Francis Connie
You never edge Tel. by Chuck Berry, included in the BO of the film Pulp Fiction
What cuts they gives to my song by Melanie
I Am Rockstar by Bill Wyman

Franglais on Internet

The majority of the sites propose menus in Franglais:

newsletter = newsletter, infolettre
e-mail = email
Spam = Junk email, pollupostage
messenger = messenger, instant messaging
chatroom = living room, forum, bavardoire
cat = tchatche, dialog on line, clavardage
chatter = tchatcher, to dialog, clavarder, jaser (qc)
shopping = purchases, storing (to make shopping = to make the shops)
news = new, infos, current events
webmaster = Webmaster, administrator of site,
home = reception, banner page
podcasting = diffusion for walkman, baladodiffusion
podcast = balado

Franglais in information

The television news, radiophonic and written also often use the Franglais.

premium time = beginning of evening, hours for great listening
access precedes time = any beginning of evening
timing = bill book, calendar, spreading out
pitch = short summary of a film, of a novel
one man show = only in scene, spectacle in solo
jingle instead of musiquette, which would sound too French. Advertizing old story.
senior senior , = elder, old.

It will be noted that senior supplanted third age which occulted elderly , which itself évincé old .

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