Francs saliens

See also: Saliens

The Saliens or Francs saliens belonged to the people of the Sicambres.

For others, they are rather a branch resulting at the beginning of our era of the Chamaves, to which they are close.

At the beginning of the Christian era, they formed with others Germains a confederation of people which was important for the history the top Moyen-âge: the Frank ( franci , with the etymology, dubious: “bold the, valiant ones” or “free men”), from which are resulting Clovis and the sovereigns Mérovingiens, as well as the Carolingiens (Charles Martel, Pépin the Brief, Charlemagne…).

They would be originating in the island of Betuwe, which they would have left in front of the Saxon ones in the middle of IVe century.

  • Several assumptions were formulated to explain their name:

    • Saliens is related with the river IJssel (old form Isala, like other rivers Isere, Yser, Isar), with Germanic the see , “the sea”, or with Germanic the sal which indicates the Licou. In this case, it is the name Saliens which would have given rise to the evoked toponym.
    • Pact of the Salic law: The salic word could have come from the city from Salted, today Overijse, in Belgium, ground of the Francs saliens, unfortunately Overijse named then Isca.

They occupied in Holland in the south of Zuydersee, a lake territory with the confluence of Vecht and Ijssel, Sallzee, which became in the Middle Ages Salland. A territory at the border of the ground, fresh water, and salt water. In any case they were born the feet in water, on a ground amphibian: from where this legend of Mérovée whose mother would have been generated by a monster resulting from the sea. That summarizes their origin well. The saliens, they would be the watery ones.

Until 287/288, Saliens, like all the other Germanic nations, alternate raids on the borders of the Roman empire and agreements military (foedus) with him. But on this date Maximien, the colleague of Dioclétien, crushes all those which are opposed to him. Indicator to arrive on him an unconquered Roman army for several years, the king salien Gennobaude has chosen to subject himself without combat, with all his people. Maximien accepts its rendering and installs Saliens in Toxandrie, with the mouth of the Rhine behind the files, under the statute of Lètes, whereas the Chamaves are renewed at the border. Very quickly, Saliens are thus subjected to the imperial authority. It seems that the Saliens Francs accepted exceptionally well their not very glorious statute however from the Roman point of view. Protected by Roman peace, they will multiply and slip there in the west along the North Sea into Flandres.

There will be rare revolts against this condition, but repressed always instantaneously by the army. The frank quotas lètes grow even regularly of number following forwardings of Constancy Chlorinates and Constantin, respectively into 293 in Batavie and 306 close to Cologne, and even still into 358 with the countryside in Toxandrie of Julien.

In Ve century, their chief Clodion Hairy the or Chlodion made them move between Arras and Cambrai, with as capital Tournai, where the center of their power remained until the time of Clovis. Thus, since the provinces of Germanic lower and Gaulle Belgium, where some their “kings” had a military command ( dux or duke), they constituted then a kingdom which extended to the 6th century on the major part of the Gaules. For more details over the period preceding the fall by the Western Empire, to see this article.

See too

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