Francois Bayrou

Biography

Origins, studies and family

François Rene Jean Lucien Bayrou was born the May 25th 1951 with Bordères, between Pau and Lourdes. He is the son of Calixte Bayrou and Emma Sarthou (originating in Greenhouses-Morlaàs), both farmers.

Graduate in 1968, it Marie in 1971 at the 20 years age and follows studies in a literary preparatory class (Hypokhâgne and Khâgne) and with the Université Bordeaux III. It obtains the aggregation traditional letters at 23 years. His/her father dies of an industrial accident, and, while teaching, it helps his mother to hold the exploitation. It succeeds in overcoming its stammering.

He is the author of a Biographie of Henri IV, the free king , which gained a great success (300 000 sold specimens). Thanks to its royalties, it launched out, successfully, in the breeding of horses thorough-bred of race.

With his Elisabeth wife, it has six children (Helene, Marie, Dominique, Calixte, Agnès, André) and nine grandchildren.

He is cousin of the Irish poet Théo Dorgan, grandson of his maternal grandmother Amélie Dorgan.

Here the currency which made it dream child: “Henri de Navarre grew with the castle of Coarraze to some two kilometers as the crow flies of my native house. I dreamed much on the currency which decorates still today the gate of the castle: “ lo that has of ser No puede faltar ”, “what must arrive cannot miss”. ”. At the time of its last great meeting of countryside, with Pau, on April 19th 2007, it supplemented it of a second currency taken with Henri IV: " Lo biarnes that ey praube, my No baxe course " , “the Béarn board is poor, but it does not lower the head”.

It would be, according to certain, member of the club the Century.

Political career

Beginnings

Young person, Francois Bayrou is close to the non-violent movements , in particular of the community of Lanza del Vasto. At 30 years, in 1982, it becomes General adviser, then four years later Député UDF of the Yrénées-Atlantiques. Teaching in the public school, laic convinced, it practitioner is also a catholic , of political inspiration Christian-Democrat - his/her father had been mayor, MRP, of his village of Bordères.

The access to the ministerial wallets

In 1993, it is named Minister for State education in the government of cohabitation of Edouard Balladur. He proposes a reform of the Loi Falloux, which would have brought down the upper limit the possibility, for the local government agencies, to subsidize the investments of the establishments of private education. January 24th, 1994, nearly a million demonstrators are caught some with this project, to defend the public school. The method of Francois Bayrou is then criticized on the right like on the left: it is shown to want “to reform with the hussarde”. Finally, the Constitutional council rejects the project of Francois Bayrou.

Although it supported Edouard Balladur at the time of the French presidential election of 1995, and that it was opposed to the project of referendum on education suggested by the candidate Jacques Chirac, it obtains in the first government of Alain Juppe a wallet extended with higher education, research and professional training.

Francois Bayrou directs a careful thought on the condition of the professors and the pupils which inspires the documentary ones of the director Marie-Francoise Desmeuzes. It leads a reform of the college, reforms the higher learning (semestrialisation of the studies, six-month period of orientation in first year, creation of technological university of professionalisation), sets up the current baccalaureat (dies S, ES, L, STT, STL and STI), introduced the living languages at the elementary school.

Francois Bayrou loses the responsibility for Professional training in the second government Juppe, but remains with State education until the dissolution of 1997; the election is gained by the Plural left.

The opinion retains, of the presence of Francois Bayrou to this ministry, her method of reform careful and concerted with the trade-union organizations (what will criticize, then will approve Claude Allègre and Jack Lang). Roger Fauroux, whom it had charged with chairing a commission on the reform of the school was nevertheless critical, declares that Francois Bayrou controlled “with the sondoscope in shoulder-belt”.

The head of UDF

Elected in 1994 president of CDS, it amalgamates this party, in 1995 with the congress of Lyon, with the social democrat Parti, of laic tradition, André Santini, thus creating Democratic Force (FD). director of " Democracy moderne" ; general secretary of UDF (1991); vice-president of the CDS (1991-1994 - president of the political office of UDF (1995-1996); chair deputy of UDF (1996-1998); president of the council of the European Popular party (1996-1998); CDS (1995) chairs; chair of democratic Force (1995); vice-president of the political office of UDF (1995-1996); He is elected in 1998 with the head of the UDF which gathers parties of the center, of which FD, and of right-hand side, liberal Démocratie (DLL). After the regional elections of 1998, Alain Madelin and other leaders of DLL approve the presidents of area re-elected thanks to the support of the elected officials National front, whereas Francois Bayrou rejects any compromising with the extreme line. DLL then leaves the UDF, of which the other components amalgamate the same year to create a unified party, the Nouvelle UDF .

Francois Bayrou led, at the time of the European elections of June 1999, the UDF list, which collects 9,28% of the voices; it keeps to (contrary to its competitors François Holland and Nicolas Sarkozy) its commitment to sit at Strasbourg and between thus with the the European Parliament, whose its second of list, Nicole Fontaine, obtains the presidency.

Presidential election of 2002

Francois Bayrou is presented in the form of a candidate of UDF to the presidential election of 2002.

Its countryside knows difficult beginnings; surveys crediting it a long time with less than 5% with the voting intentions. Several leaders of UDF invite to vote for Jacques Chirac as of the first turn. At the time of the presidential campaign, with Strasbourg, and during a verbal dispute with young people who had insulted the Mayor of Strasbourg, Fabienne Keller, with which it was, it slaps a ten year old child who tried to make him the pockets.

Against any waiting, Francois Bayrou is classified fourth, with 6,84% of the voices, after Lionel Jospin. It calls Jacques Chirac, opposite with the second turn with Jean-Marie Le Pen, to constitute a broad coalition starting from its majority of second turn. Jacques Chirac tries on the contrary with Alain Juppe to amalgamate the line and the center in a single party, the Union for the presidential majority, then renamed Union for a popular movement (UMP). The majority of the UDF members of Parliament, taken along by Philippe Douste-Blazy, leave UDF for UMP. However, thirty UDF deputies and related are elected and constitute a parliamentary Groupe for the XII {{E}} legislature (2002-2007). Among them, Francois Bayrou who returns to the National Assembly, elected in the 2 {{E}} district of the Yrénées-Atlantiques.

Affirming itself, as of the first question of confidence posed by the new government of Jean-Pierre Raffarin, opposed to “State-UMP”, it announces the intention to come to a conclusion freely about each act of the government.

Regional elections and European of 2004

UDF obtains 12% of the voices to the regional elections and the European elections of 2004, where the number of its European elected officials regional advisers and deputies progresses; to the cantonal of the same year, the number of its general advisers and presidents of general advices also progress.

At regional in Aquitaine, the lists of Francois Bayrou arrive, with 16% of the voices, in third position behind the list PS of the president Alain Rousset, who will be re-elected, and that of UMP radical Xavier Darcos, deputy secretary with Secondary education. Preceded in all the areas by UMP, the UDF lists amalgamate with those of UMP to the second turn.

In the European Parliament elected in 2004, UDF leaves the parliamentary group of right-hand side of the European Popular party to which UMP belongs, to join, with its allies of the European Democratic party, the group of the Alliance of the democrats and the liberals for Europe.

In 2005 and 2006, it is opposed more and more to the policy of the government of Dominique de Villepin, on her contents and its methods - in particular the contempt in which is, according to him, held the Parliament (on the accession of Turkey to the European Union, the privatization of the highways, the introduction by ordinance of CNE, etc). Its political line is disputed by the single minister UDF of the government, the Minister for State education, Gilles de Robien, favorable to an alliance with UMP; Gilles de Robien asks at the end of for 2005 that the militants have to decide: the motion of defense of an UDF " free and indépendante" presented by Francois Bayrou is approved to 92% (Congress of Lyon, January 2006).

When the Socialist party deposited a Motion of censure on May 16th, 2006, within the framework of the Affaire Clearstream 2, against the Gouvernement Dominique de Villepin, Francois Bayrou and ten deputies of her group (on thirty) voted what F. Bayrou described as “frank censure” in opposition to the censure “of the corridors” (several tens of deputies UMP partisans of Nicolas Sarkozy had gathered with the refreshment bar of the National Assembly). It is the first censure voted by Francois Bayrou against a right government since her accession with the head of UDF in 1998.

The president of UDF nevertheless gave his support for the list of the Alain Juppe candidate to municipal partial of Bordeaux in August 2006.

Presidential election of 2007

See also: French presidential Election of 2007

June 10th, 2006, to Issy-les-Moulineaux, at the time of a statutory national council of UDF, Francois Bayrou throws the broad outlines of her presidential ambitions by proposing a “civic Revolution”. Francois Bayrou wishes to gather personalities coming from right-hand side, left and the center; it takes in example Henri IV (which put an end to the wars of religion between catholics and Protestants) and Charles de Gaulle (which at the time of GPRF in 1945 controlled with the Communists, the Socialists and the center; and again in 1958 with the Socialists and the center). The congress of Issy-les-Moulineaux also saw Gilles de Robien, defender of alliance with the line, whistled by the room.

With the autumn 2006, it publishes under the title In the name of the Third-State a collection of its speeches to the National Assembly, preceded by a test on the origins of the “French evil”. It fustigates “the crisis of mode and the way in which the clans adapt it” during the twenty-five previous years, i.e. under the Presidencies of François Mitterrand and Jacques Chirac.

Francois Bayrou presents candidature for the presidential election of spring 2007 on December 2nd, 2006 to Greenhouses-Castet, in her district of the Yrénées-Atlantiques.

The voting intentions in favor of Francois Bayrou according to the survey institutes mid-January pass from 8% approximately at the beginning of December to 10%, 12% at the end of January, 13% mid-February, 19% at the end of February, 22% in the first fortnight of March.

The journalist Serge Moati declares whereas it could become a surprise of the presidential election of 2007. On LCI, in their weekly debate, Jacques Julliard and Luc Ferry, like Christophe Barbier, estimate that Francois Bayrou wants, on the model of MRP of IVe République, to make of UDF the pivot impossible to circumvent of the great formations, which, according to some their analyzes, would prevent only true alternation (between left and right-hand side).

In February - March 2007, several potential candidates join themselves the candidate of UDF: the president of the federalistic Left, Christian Chavrier, then in March 2007, it is with the tower of the president of the party ecologist Cape 21, Corinne Lepage; the March 13rd, Edouard Fillias, of Alternate liberal; April 1st, 2007, Antoine Waechter, president of the Movement independent ecologist. Nicolas Miguet also invited to vote for Francois Bayrou.

Francois Bayrou publishes in March 2007 at Plon her " Project of espoir" , which will be the political book more sold during the period (370 000 specimens in two months).

In March and April, the candidate of UMP Nicolas Sarkozy receives the support of several personalities considered close to UDF: Simone Veil (which had already supported the candidature of Jacques Chirac in 2002 against that of Francois Bayrou) declares that Bayrou is “the worst of all” and that its candidature is “an imposture”; Gilles de Robien and Andre Santini, members of UDF; Valery Giscard d'Estaing, founder of UDF, on April 18th, 2007. Francois Bayrou answers it by denouncing a “collection of exhausted elected officials”.

Personalities non-member of UDF support on the other hand Francois Bayrou: the European deputy (elected on an UDF list) and former journalist Jean-Marie Cavada; two deputy secretaries for the Government Villepin, both UMP: Azouz Begag, deputy secretary with the promotion of the equal opportunity and François Goulard, deputy secretary with higher education.

April 13rd, 2007, a little more than one week before the first turn, Michel Rocard, whose close relations had already invited to vote Bayrou (collectives “Spartacus” and “Gracques”) request an alliance between UDF, the PS and the Greens. It is followed, on April 14th, 2007 by Bernard Kouchner, then by Claude Allègre and Daniel Cohn-Bendit. François Holland, first secretary of the Socialist party, considers the proposal inconceivable and Ségolène Royal the judge “baroque” while Dominique Strauss-Kahn specifies that he would be Prime Minister only in the event of socialist majority.

Francois Bayrou obtains 18,57% with the first turn of the presidential election of 2007, on April 22nd, 2007, that is to say: 6820914 voters, placing it in 3rd position, behind Ségolène Royal of the Socialist party (25,9%) and Nicolas Sarkozy of the UMP (31,2%), both qualified for the second turn.

April 25th, 2007, at the time of a press conference, he announces that he does not give any call to vote for the second round of the presidential election, but states to accept the public debate which the candidate PS Ségolène Royal proposed to him, adding that it was ready to make some as much with Nicolas Sarkozy (UMP), initiative that this last even challenges the evening. He also announces the creation of a new Democratic party, which will be then named “democratic Mouvement”. The May 10th, with the Reciprocity, the National council of UDF votes a motion for the creation of this Democratic Movement (or Modem), unanimously less 4 votes and 4 abstentions. In parallel, the UDF deputies rejoined in Nicolas Sarkozy found the Nouveau Center, formation which claims center-right and tradition of UDF.

The debate suggested by Ségolène Royal on convergences and divergences between their political projects is the first joining together public debate, between the two turns of a presidential election, two personalities of which one is present at the second turn and the other not. The daily regional newspaper, then Canal+, refuses to organize this debate (officially to respect the instructions of the SCUMS on the equality of the speaking times of the two finalists); Francois Bayrou spoke about exerted pressures, on behalf of the UMP candidate, on the media with an aim of preventing this debate, which is corroborated by the journalist of RMC, Jean-Jacques Bourdin. The debate takes place finally on April 28th, 2007, and is retransmis by BFM TV and RMC.

The following week, the shortly after the debate televised between Nicolas Sarkozy and Ségolène Royal, Francois Bayrou confirms with the Monde that, as it had implied as of before the first turn, then on April 25th, 2007, it will not vote, on May 6th, 2007, for Nicolas Sarkozy, without to say that it will vote for Royal, that it will vote white or that it will abstain from voting.

Municipal elections of 2008

The November 16th 2007, it announces its will to lead a list for the municipal election of 2008 to Pau.

Standpoint

Europe

Francois Bayrou and the UDF fall under the tradition Europhile center French. Europe thus has a central place in its political project: “Europe is the key of freedom of choice: it makes it possible to write the future”.

“Without Europe, political union and democracy, the walk of the world becomes a fate on which the people of our continent will have lost the capacity to weigh. Each time it is a question of weighing on the future of the world, one finds “the need for Europe”. ”

Francois Bayrou is appointed European of 1999 to 2002. He affirms, in December 2004, his opposition to the entry of the Turkey in the European Union and asks - in vain - a vote of the National Assembly on this question.

In 2005, it makes countryside in favor of the Traité establishing a Constitution for Europe, that the French voters consulted by referendum reject on May 29th, 2005. Its program for presidential of 2007 militates for ratification of “text, simple, readable, short, without ambiguity, which will give form to the principles of an European Union left its paralyzes and its dead ends” which would owe, in France, to take the form of a new referendum.

The Life Republic

In its project of modernization of the French political system, the role of the Parlement should be increased in order to constitute an effective countervailing power vis-a-vis the executive. He stated on several occasions to wish the passage to a Life Republic.

The 5 April 2006, it estimates that the crisis of the Contrat first engages (CPE) showed “a collapse of the institutions” and that “the moment came”.

Areas

Francois Bayrou, who usually speaks Béarnais, defends the " trésor" what constitutes according to him the cultures and regional identities of France. It invites to ratify the European Charte of the regional or minority languages , that France signed.

He in particular decided for the fastening of the Loire-Atlantique to the Brittany area, in accordance with the wish of the local government agencies, like for the " reunification of Normandie" currently divided into two areas.

Media

Francois Bayrou often called into question the objectivity of the French media pertaining to great industry groups; he denounces complicity between these media and unquestionable political. The September 2nd 2006, for example, interviewed during the newspaper 20 hour old of the French chain of private television TF1 by the presenter Claire Chazal, on line of the summer school of the UDF to the Large-Mound, it declared: The great media orchestrated for the French a choice dictated in advance. The money and the policy must be separate; in particular when economic powers hold powerful media (…) it is a problem républicain. and There are very important powers which, in particular, have interests in the media, and which pushes with this choice done everything: Nicolas Sarkozy on a side, Ségolène Royal of the autre.

In his blog, the French journalist John-Paul Lepers publishes it video of an interview of Francois Bayrou during whom it details the content of the conversations that it would have had according to him, following this intervention, with Patrick Le Lay, president of TF1, and Etienne Mougeotte, vice-president and director of antenna of TF1, the September 4th 2006 in the buildings of the chain LCI (also part of the Bouygues group). He reports that Etienne Mougeotte would have declared there that he was for the bipolarisation of the French policy, Francois Bayrou considering these remarks inadmissible . Nevertheless, the Duck connected, during the months of countryside, stressed several skids of Elkabbach, which largely come to moderate this protest; about F. Tapiro, presented by a guest like one of the inspirers of the policy of the UMP candidate, Elkabbach let escape the antenna: " it is not either our ( sic ) main with penser".

This setting in scene of the bipolarisation in the media - according to Francois Bayrou - is translated, on the one hand by an over-exposure of the two candidates UMP and PS, on the other hand in the contents of the assertions and questions.

The over-exposure of the UMP candidates and PS was confirmed by the successive opinions of the SCUMS. And according to the figures of this one, the share of modulated antenna to the candidature of Francois Bayrou was:

on television: about 8% in December, 7% in January, 17% in February and at the beginning of March (either constantly less than its share in the voting intentions);
with the radio: about 5% in December, 13% in January, 11% in February, 18% in March.

Concerning the press, the journalist of the World Patrick Roger testified to the very weak place that its newspaper granted to the candidature of Francois Bayrou.

In terms of contents, Francois Bayrou in particular criticized Claire Chazal, who affirmed on December 2nd to him on TF1 that the second turn is always played between right-hand side and left with 50-50; or Jean-Marie Colombani, who qualified " Requirement démocratique" , title of its leading article of the World on April 19th, 2007, the fact of voting against Francois Bayrou.

Other subjects

Of at the end of 2005 in June 2006, Francois Bayrou gives an opinion against the law DADVSI.

Education: “I say it to each one of my interventions: education is my priority. And the priority with education, that has a clear translation: the means are guaranteed and in a contract, one defines the results to obtain, ambitious, quantified, verifiable.”

Africa: “There is only one policy right and effective of fight against the immigration, which should impose to us on the international community and Europe: it is to guarantee to the Africans whom they can suitably live in Africa, of their work, like men upright. ”

See on more than 100 subjects the proposals formulated by Francois Bayrou on the " page; Propositions" of its site of countryside.

Synthesis of the political offices

Stations with responsibilities

; Operations manager

1979-1981: operations manager with the cabinet of Pierre Méhaignerie, Minister for the Agriculture of the third government Raymond Barre.
1981-1982: operations manager with the cabinet of Alain Poher, president of the Senate.

; To advise

1984-1986: to advise Pierre Pflimlin, president of the European Parliament.

; President

1986-1993: GPLI chairs.
1994: chair CDS (which it transforms into democratic Force).
1998-2007: chair UDF (dissolve in the MoDem on December 1st, 2007).
Since December 2nd, 2007: chair MoDem (elected with 96,8% of the voters)

Local elective functions

; Municipal council

14/03/1983 - 12/03/1989: member of the municipal council of Pau
20/03/1989 - 01/04/1993: member of the municipal council of Pau

; General advice

22/03/1982 - 02/10/1988: member of the general advice of the Yrénées-Atlantiques
03/10/1988 - 27/03/1994: member of the general advice of the Yrénées-Atlantiques
30/03/1992 - 27/03/1994: chair general advice of the Yrénées-Atlantiques
28/03/1994 - 18/03/2001: member of the general advice of the Yrénées-Atlantiques
28/03/1994 - 22/03/1998: chair general advice of the Yrénées-Atlantiques
23/03/1998 - 18/03/2001: chair general advice of the Yrénées-Atlantiques
18/03/2001 - in progress : member of the general advice of the Yrénées-Atlantiques

Parliamentary functions

; With the National Assembly

02/04/1986 - 14/05/1988: deputy of the 2nd district of the Yrénées-Atlantiques
13/06/1988 - 01/04/1993: re-elected appointed 2nd district of the Yrénées-Atlantiques
02/04/1993 - 01/05/1993: re-elected appointed 2nd district of the Yrénées-Atlantiques
01/06/1997 - 21/12/1999: re-elected appointed 2nd district of the Yrénées-Atlantiques chair UDF group the National Assembly (1997-1998);
18/06/2002 - 17/06/2007: re-elected appointed 2nd district of the Yrénées-Atlantiques
18/06/2007 - in progress : re-elected appointed 2nd district of the Yrénées-Atlantiques

; In the European Parliament

20/07/1999 - 17/06/2002: deputy. Francois Bayrou resigns of her mandate of European deputy in 2002 in order to return to the National Assembly.

Ministerial functions

March 30th 1993 - May 11th 1995: Minister for the State education of the government Balladur
May 18th - November 7th 1995: Minister for State education, Higher education, the Research and the Professional insertion of the first government Juppe
November 7th 1995 - June 2nd 1997: Minister for State education, the Higher education and the Research of the second government Juppe

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