The War free - Chinese E lasted of September 1881 at June 1885. It burst because the French tried to take the control of the Red Fleuve which connected Hanoi to the rich person province of the Yunnan in China.

Although the treaty of Saigon of 1874 opened the river with freedom of movement, the black Pavillons badgered the tradind ships French.

Also, the French government sent it a small task force to clean the valley of the Rouge river of the black houses. The Qing court saw the arrival of this European army like a threat for its borders and protested.

French, ordered by the captain Henri River, took the citadel of Hanoi, capital of the Tonkin, the April 25th 1882.

During the summer 1883, Rivière was killed at the time of the operations of cleaning of the delta of the Rouge river against the black houses.

The August 25th 1883, by the Treated Hooted, the emperor of Annam yielded Tonkin to the France in the form of a Protectorat.

The China rejected this treaty and sent troops to Tonkin. Although neither China, nor France, formally declared the war, the engagements opposing their respective troops started with the autumn 1883.

The French took the citadels of Bac Ninh, Its Tay and Tuyen Quang.

The May 11th and the June 9th 1884, China recognized the treaty of Hooted by the Traité of Tianjin (dealt with Tien Tsin).

However, in June 1884, the Chinese forces attacked a French column with Bac the. This column had been sent to occupy the country, in agreement with the treaty. Following this attack, the war began again with more large scales. France blocked the ports of Chilung and Tamsui on the island of Taiwan, before trying an unloading against the imperial troops. In August 1884, the Bataille of Fuzhou saw the destruction in half an hour of the recently built Chinese navy.

At Tonkin, monsoon put an end to the French offensives, making it possible to the Chinese to advance in the delta. They made the seat of the fortress of Tuyen Quang, which was defended by a battalion of the Foreign legion during 36 days.

A French task force captured Lang Its in February 1885. Following an attack beyond the Chinese border with Bang Bo, Lang Its was quickly given up by the French the March 28th 1885, which put an end to the ministry Ferry with Paris.

In spite of this retirement, the terrestrial operations transfer the success of the French in Tonkin, while the naval victories of France forced China to recognize its defeat.

The fine treaty putting at the war was signed the June 9th 1885, China recognizing the Hooted Traité and gave up its souverainé on the Annam and the Tonkin.

These territories were then included in the French Indo-China.

See too

• frontier Crises and cutting-up of China
• Combat of Shei-Poo