Francisco de Toledo

Francisco de Toledo (born the October 4th 1532 with Cordoue, Spain - died the September 14th 1596, with Rome), was a Spanish monk of the 16th century. It was one of the first large Philosophe S and Théologien S of the Society of Jesus, of which it also became, in 1593, the cardinal first .

Biography

Years of training and teaching

Francisco de Toledo studied the Philosophie with Saragossa and the Théologie with Salamanque, in particular near Domingo de Soto.

It entered the Society of Jesus the June 3rd 1558, and spent a few months to the noviciate of Simancas before being called, as of 1559 with Rome by the general of the Company, Diego Linez.

With the Collegio Romano , he will teach the philosophy of 1559 with 1562, and the comments of the work of Aristote which he wrote during this period count among those which were diffused during the 16th century.

It will teach there then the theology of 1562 with 1569, which will give place to a comment with the Summa of Thomas d' Aquin, which was published only in the 19th century.

It will be for this period vice-chancellor of several seminars with Rome, among which the Collegio Germanico .

The ecclesiastical “policy”

From 1569, it was dedicated more to the ecclesiastical policy. Pie V names it theologist of Sacrée Penitence and of the Enquiry , like apostolic preacher at the papal court, posts that it will preserve during 24 years. It was also named consultor of the the Holy Office and member of almost all the congregations of the Roman Curie.

In 1570, it intervened at the time of the lawsuit against the archbishop of Tolède, Bartolomeo de Carranza, in favor of this last.

In 1571, it accompanied the cardinal Commendone in Poland, Germany and in Austria, where it on several occasions treated question of the right of the Usure. It was also sent by the Pape Gregoire XIII to Leuwen, in Belgium, where it managed to obtain from the chancellor of the university the retractation of Michel De Bay ( Baïus ).

The Toledo cardinal

In reward of all its good officess, it was finally named cardinal in the Consistory of the September 17th 1593, engaged then in delicate missions, like that aiming at reconciling the King de France Henri IV with the Catholic church.

Toledo also played a big role in the revision of the Vulgate. Issued by the Council of Thirty and prepared by various work, Sixte V establishes in 1585 a commission under the authority of the cardinal Antonio Carafa to complete this work, whose result was finally published in a way precipitated in 1590, after the pope himself took in hands the final drafting, without taking account of the recommendations made by Toledo.

Sixte V died the same year, and its successor Gregoire XIV will set up a new commission, placed under the authority of the cardinal Marco Antonio Colonna, whose Toledo Cardinal was also one of the advisers. After the fast disappearance of Gregoire XIV and its Innocent successor IX, Clément VIII took again in hand the project of revision and entrusted the final drafting to Toledo.

The final, known edition under the name of edition sixto-clementine, was finally made public the November 9th 1592 by the bubble Cum sacrorum Bibliorum .

During these years, Toledo consequently produced several comments with the Bible, in particular that with the Évangile according to Jean, the Épître with the Romans and an unfinished comment with the Évangile according to Luc.

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