Francisco Pizarro González, marked los Atabillos is a Spanish Conquistador , born towards 1475 or 1478 with Trujillo, province Spanish of Cáceres and died with Lima, capital of the Peru, in 1541. It was one of most famous conquistadores from Spain, for the account of which it managed to subject and conquer Peru of the Incas.

Wire naturalness, illiterate, of the navigator Gonzalo Pizarro Rodríguez de Aguilar (member of the minor nobility) and cousin of Hernando the Cortes with the second degree, it engaged in the army, with his father, and made the countryside of Italy then gained the America with Nicolás de Ovando in 1502. Named lieutenant of Alonso de Ojeda with San Sebastian de Uraba in 1510, it accompanied Balboa in the forwarding which discovered the Pacific Ocean in 1513.

The first forwarding

Interested by the news which had reported Pascual de Andagoya of its forwarding towards the South in 1522, it organized in 1524 the first forwarding starting from Panama. To carry it out, it joined Diego de Almagro for the administration, a priest, Hernando de Luque and Pedrarias. Forwarding left at the end of 1524 Panama with a ship, two boats and 80 men, turned to the disaster and stopped with Chicama.

The second forwarding

The second forwarding (1526-1528) was organized without Pedrarias, and also turned to the disaster as of June 1527. Whereas Almagro set out again in Panama to seek reinforcements, Pizarro and twelve men remained on the island of El Gallo. Bartolomé Ruiz joined them with reinforcements in 1528, seventy men, as many horses and three arquebuses. Exploration could set out again towards the South, where finally they discovered Peru, before going back to Panama at the end of 1528.

In spite of the final success of their forwarding, the governor Pedro of los Ríos refused his support for a forwarding of conquest. Pizarro left then towards Spain to try to obtain the support of the emperor Charles Quint. Receipt in June 1529, the interview led to the agreement of Tolède by which Pizarro was made grant important privileges, which was, for Diego de Almagro, a bitter disappointment. Pizarro went back to Panama in 1530 with a true forwarding. It was accompanied by his brothers Hernando Pizarro, Gonzalo Pizarro, Juan Pizarro and of his half-brother Francisco Martin de Alcántara.

The third forwarding

At the end of January 1531, a new forwarding left for Peru. It comprised 180 armed men, 37 horses and 3 ships. Arrived at Tumbes, it was informed that a civil war divided the INCA empire. This one was indeed weakened by a fight which opposed since 1529 the two brothers Huáscar and Atahualpa, both applicants with the imperial capacity.

In 1534, with Tangarara, it founded the first Spanish city San Miguel de Piura. To Cajamarca, Pizarro sent emissary to the INCA Atahualpa to propose an interview to him. As a follower of the Cortes, Pizarro took it by surprised the November 15th 1532 and did it captive in the middle of a great massacre of Indians (whereas according to the INCA code the capture of the emperor would have had to stop the massacre) terrorized by the grapeshot and the horses and whereas the interview would have had to be done without weapons.

The INCA delivered to Pizarro 6 tons of gold, but it did not recover its freedom in exchange, contrary to the promise which had been made to him. The fear of an Indian rising against the Spaniards led Pizarro to make carry out the prisoner after an expeditious lawsuit. He proclaimed Tupac Hualpa (wire of Huayna Capac) new INCA but this one died. His/her brother Manco INCA succeeded to him and Pizarro made its entry in Cuzco in 1534. Benefitting from the occasion, the adelantado of Guatemala, Pedro de Alvarado, invades to him also the Peru in the intention conquering Quito. Pizarro sent Belalcazar to seize Quito, and Almagro succeeds in convincing Alvarado to give up its project.

January 6th 1535, Pizarro founded Ciudad of los Reyes (Lima). His/her Hernando brother returned to Spain to give an account of the conquest of Peru, and to give to the emperor the fabulous piled up treasure. Hernando obtained for his/her brother the title of Marquis and the right to extend the territory from 200 to 270 miles and, for Almagro, the title of governor of the Nouvelle Tolède, territory to be conquered on 200 miles, in the south of Peru.

Wars between conquistadors

Between Pizarro and Almagro, the property of the opulent town of Cuzco was a new subject of discord, and the reason for the first skirmishes between pizarrists and almagrists. Pizarro persuaded Almagro to undertake a forwarding for the conquest of the Chile (1535-1536). However, the abuses the brothers of Pizarro lit a revolt of the Indians, carried out by Manco INCA in 1536 through all the country. Lima and Cuzco were besieged, but the Indian army, for lack of preparation, had to be folded up.

Almagro went back disappointed of its forwarding to Chile in 1537, entered in triumph in Cuzco and made captive Hernando. Pizarro pushed back the attack of the Indians in Lima, obtained the handing-over in freedom of his/her brother, and claimed sovereignty on Cuzco. In April 1538, Hernando overcame Almagro with the Bataille of Mow Salinas (April 1538), did it captive and carried out it immediately.

Master of Cuzco, Pizarro made of his field the center of the Spanish colonizing expansion. He proceeded to the distribution of the arable lands and the mines of the country, and founded new cities. However, Manco INCA continued resistance vis-a-vis the Spaniards, and the almagrists, grouped around Diego el Monzo Almagro (wire of Diego de Almagro), poked dissatisfaction against Pizarro. Vaca of Castro was sent by the Crown to put an end to this argument, but the almagrists precipitated the conspiracy against Pizarro, and on June 26th 1541, gave the attack to the palate, reflect Pizarro with dead and proclaimed Almagro the Young person like new governor. Finally it itself was stopped and decapitated by Vaca of Castro who took the succession of Francisco Pizarro.

Victims of the conquistadors

The bodies found on the layout of a future highway, close to Lima, carry signs of dead extremely violent. There is nearly 500 years, approximately 70 men, women and children were killed with blow of axe, were quartered or impaled - some seem to have received shots. The sandy ground of their last residence preserved their bones, preserving evidence médicolégales dating from the time when Europeans conquered Americas, like noted it Guillermo Cock, archeologist Peruvian who exhumed other cemeteries incas. The wounds with the Mousquet give an index on the identity of the assassins. " Many a autochtones was victims of the European weapons during colonization, explains it. But it is perhaps the first time that one of with the preuve." Guillermo Cock estimates that death goes back to the summer 1536, during the rising of the INCA S against the Spaniards. The superiority of the arsenal of the conquistador Francisco Pizarro and his men enabled him to carry it.

Brothers of Francisco Pizarro

• Gonzalo Pizarro was born in 1502 with Trujillo Spanish province from Cáceres. He avenged death for his Francisco brother by assassinating the viceroy of Lima in 1546. Proclaimed dictator of Peru, it was reversed and carried out by the special correspondent of the emperor Charles Quint who killed it close to Cuzco in 1548.

• Juan Pizarro was born in 1505 with Trujillo Spanish province from Cáceres. He was governor of Cuzco in 1535 and perishes at the time of the seat of the city.

• Hernando Pizarro was born in 1508 with Trujillo Spanish province from Cáceres. It succeeded as governor of Cuzco his brother Juan in 1535 and overcame Almagro which besieged the city in 1537, and in 1538 carried out it. Pointed out in Spain in 1539, it was imprisoned there until in 1560. He died in 1578 with Trujillo.

External bonds

• Biography of Francisco Pizarro

Simple: Francisco Pizarro Zh-classical: 皮薩羅

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