Francis Parker Yockey , born the September 18th 1917 with Chicago, décécé the June 16th 1960, was a Philosophe and a Idéologue American Politique . It owes its celebrity with her book néo- spenglérien Imperium , published under the pseudonym of Ulick Varange in 1948.

Biography

Pre-war period

Yockey is a partisan of the European unification against the the United States, although it was itself American. It had been born from Louis and Nellie Yockey and had two sisters and a brother. With a IQ estimated at 170, he was also a gifted traditional pianist in his childhood. Yockey accepted its license of letters at the University of Georgetown in 1938, and its diploma in right with mention to the University of Right of Notre-Dame in 1941.

Already in 1936, Yockey had developed ideas that it called “European Impérialisme”. Its Idéologie was resolutely that of the authoritative Nationalisme. In 1939, he had written an article for the newspaper Social Justice of the popular radio-priest Charles Coughlin, a newspaper with great pulling with tendencies Fasciste S. the article, heading “the tragedy of youth”, invited with powerful a Christian nationalism among the young people in order to resist the influences of left and to be opposed to the entry the United States in any war carried out in Europe against Hitler. Speaker of talent, Yockey spoke at the time of a meeting of the fascistic movement of William Dudley Pelley, the Legion of “Silver Shirts” of America, in 1939. Its test of 1940, the life like an art , exposes a broad draft of the ideas that it developed later in its major work Imperium - with references to Oswald Spengler, Nietzsche, the elitism, the Hiérarchie and the idea of “Western Empire”. In 1942, its relations included Hans Haupt, which was to be carried out in the United States during the war, as a saboteur, and who had attended meetings of the Committee “America First” (the lobby anti-war) with the sister of Yockey, Alice.

The war

In spite of its opposition to the war against the Axis, Yockey engaged in the army and was affected with a unit of information of G-2, to undoubtedly do what it could in favor of the cause of Europe, of the interior. Although having disappeared for two months (and suspecté by FBI to have carried out a mission of espionage for Germany), Yockey was reformed honourably in 1943.

Post-war period

After having assembled a cabinet of private lawyer, Yockey managed to take down a station with the Court of the war crimes, and left for Germany with the American legal team to judge the Nazis of second order to Wiesbaden. “Undoubtedly, its intention was to come to assistance of some of the continued people”. Yockey rebelled, playing of the German anthems to the piano of the club of the officers, and, after a confrontation with Jackson judge, was congédié. From this moment it was located by the FBI and the various branches of the military informations, which all were to have great difficulties in find the trace of Yockey during the 15 following years, the FBI with him only maintaining a file of more than thousand pages.

In 1947, the service of against-espionage of US Army made a descent in the residence of Yockey in Germany, but Yockey had already left. It went then in Ireland, in an isolated inn with Brittas Bay, where in six months it finished its major book " Imperium" , which was published under the pseudonym of Ulick Varange.

With its manuscript not published, Yockey went then to London, where he sought Sir Oswald Mosley, the fascistic leader of pre-war period which had returned to the policy as a leader of the Movement Union, calling in plain Europe. Yockey obtained a remunerated post of organizer of the Section of the European Contacts of the Movement Union, which enabled him to establish contacts with the nationalists in all Europe.

The FBI paid at that time: “Yockey worked towards its end to establish many contacts via the Movement Union and to attract a circle of people around him. ”

Its principal contact in the UM at that time was Guy Chesham. Its principal German contact was Alfred Franke-Kriesche, German adviser of the UM and directing of Bruderschaft, which had maintained the bonds with the Soviet information and which was to disappear at the time of a mission with East Berlin.

With a group of supporters in the UM, Yockey started to be opposed so that he regarded as the pro-American orientation and anti-Russian of Mosley, which seems to be finished by physical violences between Yockey and Mosley at the time of a gathering with Hyde Park. That provides a base for what a report/ratio of FBI described as “a new political movement with an orientation favorable to the East - recommending neutralism and the anti-American activity extremist”. This revaluation of the role of Russia in Europe, whose policy towards Germany was more reconciling, and the revaluation of the role of the USA as being the most negative influence, was also the same position supported by German veterans like Otto Remer and the Party of Reich Socialiste, and others later. Yockey in particular intended to fight against the influence of the Jewish community , which he regarded as intrinsically foreign ( farming alien ) in Europe. In 1952, the purgings whose in Czechoslovakia several Jewish members of the Communist party were victims appeared him of good omen, in what they seemed to indicate a rupture of the Soviet Union with the " juiverie" and to make possible a Alliance with the Russia.

In 1948 the friends of Yockey, in particular the baroness Alice von Pflugle, joined together sufficient funds to publish Imperium. European Liberation Face was founded in the residence of the baroness in 1949. During the meeting of foundation Yockey called with the formation of a clandestine resistance movement in Germany which would support any future Soviet military action against the USA and the other occupying allied powers in West Germany. A small newsletter, Frontfighter, was published during a certain number of years, continuing to publish official statements of Yockey, while Yockey travelled through Europe and entered and left the USA whereas the intelligence services and the FBI tried without success to keep it under monitoring.

In 1950, Yockey turned over to Germany and worked for the American Red Cross until 1951. This year it went to Italy to organize a foreign delegation for the congress founder of the Italian Movement of the Women, a branch of the Italian Social movement neofascist, and made a speech in front of the congress. The same year, it went to the Canada in company of an Italian fascist, seeking to create a magazine which would be called Fourth Front. They wanted to also help with the rebirth of the Canadian fascistic movement, the principal Canadian contact of Yockey being Adrien Arcand which had directed a great party before the war and which had been interned during the Second world war. Put under monitoring, their conversations were reported to the FBI, while the US Consulate-general with Montreal recommended an investigation into Yockey for activities subversive and cancellation of its passport.

At one moment in 1950 Yockey managed to make a stay in the USA where he briefly worked with the Christian Nationalist Party of Gerald L.K. Smith, although it preserved a poor opinion on the movement of Smith and all the “American line”. According to his/her colleague H. Keith Thompson, “Yockey regarded the USA as a cesspool. It did not have a respect for them and for any of their limited politicians… it particularly scorned the `right' American, because it had had first hand experience in the organization of Smith…”.

In 1951, Yockey was approached by a member of the movement of Joseph McCarthy, and an appointment was arranged with the senator anticommunist who wished that Yockey writes a speech for him, work for which Yockey would be remunerated.

H. Keith Thompson, an activist veteran who had been implied with German-American Bund and the movement America First before the war and which had worked for the German information, met Yockey for the first time in 1952. Yockey and Thompson were presented by the German nationalist Frederick Weiss, a veteran of the 1st World war which had been useful in the High command of Kaiser and which had arrived at the USA shortly after the war. The initial impression of Thompson was that Yockey was “a very pleasant young man, very impassioned”, and strongly Anti-American.

Thompson presented Yockey to George Sylvester Viereck, the famous poet and German-American writer who had been regarded formerly as the principal propagandist pro-German in the USA.

Among the influential social environment of Viereck, Yockey met the notable ones like the historians revisionists Charles Callan Tansill and Harry Elmer Barnes, at the time of dinners offered by Thompson.

The main activity of Thompson at that time was as an agent abroad Party of Reich Socialiste of the general Otto Remer, and as a lobbyist for the handing-over in freedom of Remer. Yockey united in Thompson in its efforts in favor of Remer (having met Remer in Germany), which was impressed by Imperium de Yockey (just like the old ace of the German Aviation Hans-Ulrich Rudel). Yockey, unknown of the authorities, were recorded under the name of Frank Healy to act as a representative of the PRS.

In 1952 Thompson and Yockey wrote a letter with the Secretary of State US Dean Acheson in the name of the Committee for International justice, requiring an American intervention for the release of called “the war criminals” and the suspension of harassing against the Remer general. Broad passages of the letter are in the inimitable style of Yockey:

the movement German National-Socialist was only one form, and a provisional form, the large one and irresistible movement which expresses the Spirit of our Time, the Resurgence of the Authority. This movement is the assertion of all the cultural tendencies and all the human instincts that the Libéralisme, the Démocratie and the Communisme deny. The Resurgence of the Authority has at the same time an interior aspect and an appearance. The interior aspect was mentioned in the preceding paragraph. Its appearance is the creation of the Imperium-State-Nation European, and thus the reaffirmation of the role of Europe ordered by the history, that of the force of Colonisation and organization of the whole world. This role is historically necessary and no other force in the world can replace Europe for this powerful Destin… Either Europe brings peace and the order in the world, or the world will remain in the darkness and chaos.

The Remer general was proclaimed like the representative of “this great mission”.

The principal literary means of expression of Yockey in the USA was that of the bulletins published by James Madole of the Party of the National Rebirth, where he wrote under the name of Weiss. About this period FBI foot-note a slip marked in the old anti-Soviet attitude of Weiss, this one declaring itself “in favor from the Soviet point of view to a certain extent”, and it was thought that Weiss could receive a Soviet financial support. FBI was as conscious as the writings of Weiss at that time in fact were written by Yockey.

In 1952 Yockey turned over to Europe, carrying messages of Thompson for Remer and the Party of Reich Socialiste. This year, affirms Thompson, “whereas it was in East Germany, Yockey was fascinated by the lawsuit for treason of the former Czech Communist leaders, that it regarded as a material change”. Eleven of these leaders were Juifs, described by the authorities as being “Sioniste S” and “adventurers Zionists”. For Yockey, the “lawsuits of Prague” were significant, marking a revolt symbolic system of the Soviets against the Jewish influence. It a long article, “That is there was to write behind the hanging of the eleven Jews of Prague? ”, exposing its thesis.

According to Thompson, Yockey says to him that it was used as mail for the Czech information during the Fifties. It is not surprising, considering alliance with Russia which was recommended at the same time by Yockey and the PRS of Remer, to insert a corner in American hegemony in Europe. In return, the Russia was interested to embarrass the West Germany by supporting the fascistic movements, and a symbiotic relation resulted from it. Yockey supported also the various authoritarian regimes of the Tiers-monde emerging to defy American world hegemony and the Sionisme. It adopted a favorable attitude towards Fidel Castro, went to Cuba and had a certain association with a journalist related to the cuban government, name of Rodrigues (it spoke about the rise of the modes of the Third world in his last text “the world in flames”, little before his death).

Of return to New York after the lawsuit of Prague, Yockey put Thompson and Frederick Weiss at the current of the situation behind the Iron curtain, the apparent change of the Soviet policy influencing of other members of the “right-hand side”, mainly Madole and the newspaper Antisioniste catholic American Common Sense; however most of the American right-hand side, of the conservatives to the Nazis, continued to follow accurately the line of Cold war, anti-Soviet, of the Establishment.

In July and August 1953 the FBI reported that Yockey had reappeared with the Cairo, writing propaganda Antisioniste for the Egyptian government of Gamal Abdel Nasser, with which the Remer general was now closely associated.

The Arrest

The chance of Yockey to escape the authorities turned finally in 1960, completely by chance. Returning to the USA in June, it went to the residence of a Jewish friend, Alex Scharf, who largely admired the intelligence of Yockey, but whose precise connections remain unknown. Yockey had lost a bag and had telephoned the airport to find it. Meanwhile however the employees of the airport had opened the bag and had found three false passports, and had informed the authorities. June 8th of the agents of the FBI made a descent in the residence of Scharf and found Yockey. It resisted, claquant a door on the hand of an agent, escaping during one moment but was caught up with in the street.

The Prosecutor of the United States Joseph Karesh, a Rabbi, fixed an exceptionally high guarantee of 50,000 dollars against Yockey, apparently on instructions of Washington. Whereas FBI initially declared with the press that it was a “mysterious case”, and that the newspapers posted headlines concerning “the mysterious man” with three passports, it was described soon by the press like a “important fascist with international connections”. The League Anti-Slandering, important American Jewish association, described Yockey as “the figure of world Fascism most important that we currently know”.

The authorities decided to switch Yockey towards a lunatic asylum, as they had done with a cultural figure of America, Ezra Pound, for his support for the Fascisme and his opposition to the Ploutocratie.

With any other prospect that humiliation, the imprisonment in an asylum the insane ones, where it would be buried and forgotten, perhaps lobotomized, and concerned above all the future of those which had remained to him faithful, Yockey committed suicide by taking Cyanure on June 17th 1960.

The press foot-note which “the service of the US prosecutor remained with a file secret Top on Yockey but not of Yockey to be continued”; a file “charged with dynamite” as an agent of the FBI declared it.

Ideological influences

In France, Francis Parker Yockey had a great influence on groups like Nouvelle Resistance, the radical Réseau and the European Front of release. It influenced also much personalities like Jean Thiriart and Christian Bouchet as well as the mobility of the Nationalism-revolutionist and the National-Bolchevism in general.

The principal books of Francis Parker Yockey were translated into French and are available to the Éditions Ars magna and the Editions Misadventure.

References