Francesco Ferrucci (Florence, 1489 - Gavinana, August 3rd 1530) was an Italian soldier who was Condottiere of the République of Florence.
He personifies resistance to the emperor Charles Quint at the time of the seat of the city in 1530 where, wounded and prisoner after the Bataille of Gavinana, he dies assassinated.
Biography
He is born in Florence, in 1489, in the district of the Oltrarno, in a palate of the via dei Serragli .The events which transfer it to be distinguished unrolled during the head office of Florence (October 12th 1529 - August 12th 1530), operated by the imperial militia of Charles V, consisted mainly of recruited Italian.
During this head office of Florence, the secretary of the Florentin government, delivers a letter of accreditation to him authorizing it to go everywhere where he will want to bring together the men and the funds essential to the protection and the survival of transitory République of Florence. Then it becomes famous for its valiant defense with the head of the army of the Republic florentine and which it opposed to the imperial ones.
After a victory with Volterra (and San Miniato that it also delivers) which opposes it to Fabrizio Maramaldo that it beats the same year, it is finally overcome in Gavinana by the forces imperial, on the mountain pistoiese, is wounded and captured on August 3rd, 1530. he dies assassinated by Maramaldo, captain and the Calabrian man-at-arms to the services of imperial (which had took share with the bag of Rome in 1527) and to which Ferrucci would have said: “Maramaldo, you kill a dead man”. In slang, maramaldo means coward, violent, who does not hesitate to kill out of the men without defense.
In the same battle the commander of the imperial army, Philibert de Châlon, prince d' Orange, also lost the life.
Homages
The sacrifice of Ferrucci became, in time of the Italian Unification, the emblem of the feeling of national pride and the name of its become attacker, by Antonomase, synonymous with traitor, félon.On the central place of Gavinana, today a frazione of the commune of San Marcello Pistoiese, one can admire, since 1913, the equestrian statue of the condottiere Florentin, a work of the sculptor Emilio Gallori, its fellow-citizen.
In August 1929, for quintuple centenary of its death, was acquired and restored the house ex-Battistini of the principal place of Gavinana, on the threshold of which Ferrucci was killed.
It is quoted in a stanza of the Inno di Mameli, the National anthem Italian:
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Dall' Alpi has Sicilia Of the Alps in Sicily
Dovunque E Legnano, Legnano is everywhere
Ogn' uom di Ferruccio, Each man has the heart,
Ha it core, ha the mano, With the hand of Ferruccio,
I bimbi of Italia, the children of Italy
Si chiaman Balilla, are called Balilla,
Il suon of ogni squilla, the sound of each bell
I Vespri suonò. sounded Vespers.
See too
Internal bonds
External bonds
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