France 2 is a Television channel French general practitioner of public service.
History of the chain
The second channel
the second channel of the French Broadcasting-television (rtf) emits for the first time in an experimental way the December 21st 1963. Its official unveiling takes place the April 18th 1964. It is received only by 20% of the French. At the same time, Denise Fabre is committed as announcer of the second channel. The September 15th 1966, the Tv news makes its appearance on the second channel with Twenty-four hours of current events presented by Jean Lanzi under the direction of Louis Roland Neil. The April 6th 1967 begin the Dossiers from the screen of Armand Jammot.Coding French color with the standard SECAM IIIB standard L with 625 lines, invented by the engineer Henri de France, between in force in June 1967 and the Sunday the 1st er October with 14:15, the second channel passes to the color. The 10, it diffuses the American series Mission impossible . Shadoks , animated series of Jacques Rouxel and Rene Borg, start to pump the April 29th 1968. In April 1970, the regional current events are proposed simultaneously on the first and the second channel, then on the second and the third chain starting from 1972. The Publicité of mark is introduced on the second channel in January 1971. In January 1972, Armand Jammot replaces the longest word by Of the figures and the letters and Jacques Chancel lance the Large Chess-board on January 12th. July 3rd, the law on the statute of ORTF created two distinct chains.
The great series color of ORTF unload on the second channel with the beginning of the year 1970. Arsène Lupin opens the ball on March 18th 1971, followed cursed Kings of December 21st 1972 at January 24th 1973 carried out by Claude Barma and adapted work of Maurice Druon by Marcel Jullian, then Brigades of the Tiger on December 21st 1974.
Following the oil crisis of 1974, the emissions must stop at 11 p.m. due to energy saving.
Antenna 2
The national company of television programs Antenne 2 is born on July 8th 1974, when Jacques Chirac, then Prime Minister, presents the bill of reform of the audio-visual one. By the law of August 7th 1974, the Office of broadcasting French television (ORTF) is divided into seven autonomous organizations including three national companies of television programs: French Television 1 (TF1), Antenna 2 and France Areas 3 (FR3), the French company of production (SFP), Remote transmission of France (TDF), Radio France, and the National institute of audio-visual the (INA). The state monopoly is maintained. The law comes into force the January 6th 1975. Each company is placed under the supervision of the Prime Minister. At the request of the government, the drafting of the first chain, too considered to be “agitated” and disrespectful, passes on the second channel of which the more confidential audience will give him less importance. In fact this inversion took place in September 1972, under Pompidou: twenty-four hours out of the 2, the jt of the 2 is transferred with its team on the one (twenty four hours on the one thus) and information first loses the largest part of its team the remainder leaving on the 2: creation of inf2. These two programs of information last until January 6th, 1975.The January 6th 1975, Antenne 2 (whose initials are A2), directed by Marcel Jullian, begins his programs. Its audience remains more confidential than on TF1, which enables him to try new experiments and programs, such Récré A2 or Apostrophes or to use of a less conventional tone in its tv news. The May 5th 1981, the debate opposing Valery Giscard d'Estaing to François Mitterrand for the second round of the presidential election, arbitrated by Jean Boissonnat and Michele Cotta is diffused simultaneously on TF1, Antenne 2 and FR3.
In 1983, thanks to the new tone of its tv news (Christine Ockrent) and of emissions of entertainment of quality like, Fields-Élysées , Hunting for the treasures or Récré A2 , the audience of Antenna 2 ends up exceeding that of TF1. This tendency perdure until the privatization of TF1 in 1987. New formats appear, like Châteauvallon on January 4th 1984, first French television serial inspired of Dallas which prevails on the concurrent chain, or Maguy , first French sitcom with Rosy Varte and Jean-Marc Thibault launched in February 1985. Antenna 2 is also the first French chain to propose a program the morning as of 6:30 with Télématin starting from January 7th 1985 whereas the programs of its two competitors begin only towards 10 or 11 hours.
Antenna 2 does not see coming the increase in power from TF1 helped by its new chairman Herve Bourges, who launches Cocoricocoboy in access premium-time, the mini-newspaper of Patrice Drevet and gives again especially with the information of attitude of leader as of January 1985 with the arrival of Bruno Masure and Claude Sérillon (replaced then by Marie-France Cubadda).
September 1987 is marked by the offensive and extremely commercial grids of re-entry of TF1 and the Five. Antenna 2 then begins an inexorable decline which carries out it of 40% of audience in 1986 to 21% in 1991, when TF1 reaches a maximum between 40 and 45% and the Five around 10 to 13%.
April 28th 1988, the debate between the two candidates with the second round of the presidential election, Jacques Chirac and François Mitterrand, is retransmis into simultaneous on Antenne 2 and TF1.
In a preoccupation with a reinforcement of the audio-visual public vis-a-vis private competition, the SCUMS joins together by the law of the August 2nd and 10th 1989 Antenne 2 and FR3 under a common presidency in the person of Philippe Guilhaume, constrained with the resignation on December 19th 1990 by the Minister for the Culture Catherine Tasca and replaced by Herve Bourges.
September 14th 1991, Antenne 2 is the first French chain to diffuse a new kind of program imported of the the United States, the reality show, with the Night of the heroes every Friday with 20:50.
France 2
In order to try to rebuild a strong public group vis-a-vis commercial televisions and to give him a cohesion, the chains of public service take the name of France Television on September 7th 1992: Antenna 2 becomes France 2 and FR3 becomes France 3.After the exit of the book of Pierre Péan, a French youth , Jean-Pierre Elkabbach, chairman of France Television, questions François Mitterrand on France 2 on September 12th 1994. November 3rd, the deputy Alain Griotteray denounces with the National Assembly the exorbitant contracts authorized by Jean-Pierre Elkabbach to the organizer-producers of France 2 (Jean-Luc Delarue, Nagui and Arthur), causing the replacement of the chairman by Xavier Gouyou-Beauchamps on June 2nd 1996 without calling into question for as much these contracts.
March 31st 1998, France Telecom and France 2, launch Mezzo, specialized channel devoted to the music, the dance and the opera to replace the chain France Supervision .
In August 2000, the arrival of the Fifth transforms the public group into France Televisions with which associated then RFO (Network France Overseas since July 2004) and France 4 (ex-Festival) in March 2005.
France 2 is today the flagship of the group France Televisions and after a fashion tries to respect its obligations of public service while facing its principal competitor, TF1.
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Seats
The first seat of the second channel was located at the 13-15, Rue Cognacq-Jay with Paris, which gathered all the television services of ORTF.Preserved by TF1 after the scission of the Office in 1975, Antenne 2 leaves to settle with 22 avenue Montaigne in the {{VIIIe}} district of Paris. However during a few years (approximately 1975-1982), TF1 and Antenne 2, public channels concurrent, divided the same building and of the studios close for their tv news retransmis since Cognacq-Jay until the complete removal to Antenna 2 with 22 avenue Montaigne. To the same time, the address of 5/7 rue de Montessuy with Paris was also given to the televiewers.
In September 1998, France 2 integrates the new seat of France Television into the 7, esplanade Henri de France in the XV {{E}} district.
Programs
Tv news
- 6.30 Hours , 7 Hours , 7.30 Hours , 8 Hours and 8.40 Hours
- 13 Hours
- 20 Hours
- Newspaper of the night
Presented in alternation by Jean-Claude Renaud, Laurence Stake and Eve Metais.
Magazines of information
- 4 truths
Presented by Francoise Laborde.
- Open-ended question
Presented by Alain Duhamel or Gilles Leclerc.
- Without Borders
Presented by a correspondent France 2 in the capitals European.
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13:15, saturdays
Presented by Laurent Delahousse
Emissions
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has you to judge
Presented by Arlette Chabot.
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Complement of Investigation
Presented by Benoit Duquesne.
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Special correspondent
Presented by Francoise Jolly and Guilaine Chenu.
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cross Words
Presented by Yves Calvi.
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Emissions diffused on the second channel of the rtf then of the ORTF of 1963 to 1975
- Emissions diffused on Antenna 2 of 1975 to 1992
- Emissions diffused on France 2
Disappeared emissions
- Files of the screen: Magazine of company presented by Joseph Pasteur then by Alain Jerome of the April 6th 1967 to the April 8th 1991
- the school of the fans: variety programme presented by Jacques Martin of 1975 to 1998
- the Circle of midnight: night cultural emission presented by Michel Field, Laure Adler and Olivier Undermines 1992 with 1999
- the Chance with the songs: musical program presented by Pascal Sevran of the March 26th 1984 to the December 22nd 2000
- Which is which?: Play presented by Marie-Angel Nardi and Co-animated by Pépita and Guy Lecluyse of the January 8th 1996 to June 2002
- Pyramid: Play presented by Patrice Laffont then by Marie-Angel Nardi of the September 9th 1991 to the July 5th 2003
- 100 minutes to convince: political emission presented by Olivier Mazerolle and Alain Duhamel of July 2001 to June 2005
- One very tested: emission of entertainment presented by Laurent Ruquier of the September 19th 2000 to the June 29th 2007.
Series
Here a list of emblematic series having been diffused on the second channel of the ORTF, Antenna 2 then France 2 like those currently with the antenna.Series not being more with the antenna:
Series currently with the antenna:
Presenters and presenters
20 hour old newspaper
- to also see: List of presenters of tv news in France
Diffusion
France 2 is diffused by the analogical and numerical ground network French. It profits in addition to one cover carried with 100% by the means of the analogical and numerical diffusion via the satellite Atlantic Bird 3. As a public channel, all the satellite cable television operators, bouquettists and FAI have obligation to include it in the basic service of their networks.The channel was diffused in Tunisia in the place of RTT 2 of June 1989 at October 1999 and is also diffused since 30 years in the north of the Italy. Its emissions are also largely relayed in the whole world by the means of TV5.
Image of the chain
France 2 suffers from a major handicap related to an ambitious schedule of conditions and a deficit of average crescent. Indeed, the State and the ministry for the Culture and the Communication ask the public channel to diffuse emissions cultural or educational at the hours for great listening, whereas these programs are not very federator and thus do not allow the chain to garner the discounted advertizing revenues. Although public channel, France 2 is extremely dependant on the Publicité, for which it must garner market shares vis-a-vis TF1, France 3 and M6, which often leads it to come on grounds where one awaits TF1 or M6 more. Having always refused to make Tele reality with the appearance of this televisual kind, it is intended to do it today via the large private production companies (Fremantle, Endemol). Code names: “Chameleons” and “the village”. The first turning, in tribes autochtones, comes to be cancelled following the pressure of the LDH and the FIDH, and the diffusion of the second, on precarious urban persons receiving a transplant in the countryside, was deferred for September (All the information on http://tele.blogs.fr). France 2 was shown “to make under-TF1 with public money” and to forget its public service mission, but it should be integrated the fact that the amount of the royalty (one of weakest of Europe) does not make it possible to cover the costs of increasingly expensive program timetables following the flight of the rights.According to Michel Bouvard, appointed UMP of Savoy, the existence of France 2 as a chain of public service is not justifiable. A certain number of deputies of the current majority preaches in particular the Privatization chain, taking into consideration what it costs to the French in taxes (cf article on the Broadcasting royalties) and of the increasing similarity of its programs with those of the other private channels. According to other opinions, France, as all the European countries must preserve an ambitious public service and of quality. BBC with the the United Kingdom remains a federator public service and producing many programs of good invoice, in a very liberal country moreover.
References
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